Age spots, also known as solar lentigines, are small, darkened areas that commonly appear on the skin. While their appearance can sometimes cause concern, age spots are generally harmless and do not pose a health risk.
Understanding Age Spots
Age spots present as flat, oval-shaped areas of darkened skin, varying in color from light tan to dark brown or black. They develop on sun-exposed regions of the body, such as the face, hands, shoulders, arms, and upper back. These spots result from the skin’s pigment-producing cells, called melanocytes, becoming overactive due to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This overproduction of melanin, the natural pigment responsible for skin color, leads to concentrated areas of hyperpigmentation. Unlike freckles, age spots do not fade during winter months.
Key Differences from Skin Cancer
Distinguishing between a benign age spot and skin cancer is important, as some cancerous growths can resemble age spots. Age spots are uniform in color, flat, and have well-defined, smooth borders, and they do not significantly change over time.
In contrast, skin cancers like melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma exhibit distinct characteristics. Melanoma, a form of skin cancer, often follows the “ABCDE” rule:
Asymmetry: One half does not match the other.
Border irregularity: Uneven, jagged, or poorly defined edges.
Color variation: Multiple shades of tan, brown, black, or even red, white, or blue within the same spot.
Diameter: Often larger than 6 millimeters, though they can be smaller.
Evolving: Any change in size, shape, color, or elevation, or new symptoms like itching or bleeding.
Basal cell carcinoma, a common type of skin cancer, can appear as a pearly or shiny bump, a pink or reddish patch, or a sore that does not heal. These lesions might bleed, ooze, or crust, and sometimes resemble a scar-like area.
Squamous cell carcinoma may present as a firm, red nodule, or a scaly, crusted patch that can be tender or bleed. Unlike age spots, both basal and squamous cell carcinomas can feel rough, scaly, or raised, and they may be associated with itching or pain. While age spots themselves do not transform into cancer, their presence indicates significant sun exposure, which is a risk factor for developing skin cancer.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Consult a healthcare professional, such as a dermatologist, if you notice any new skin spots or changes in existing ones. Professional evaluation is important if a spot exhibits characteristics that differ from a typical age spot, such as changes in size, shape, color, or texture. Any spot that becomes itchy, tender, bleeds, or does not heal should also be promptly examined. Early detection of skin cancer can improve treatment outcomes. A dermatologist can accurately diagnose skin lesions and recommend appropriate steps.