Appendicitis refers to the inflammation of the appendix, a small, finger-shaped pouch projecting from your large intestine. This condition starts suddenly and worsens quickly, requiring prompt medical attention. A medical evaluation is necessary because an inflamed appendix can burst, leading to a widespread infection within the abdominal cavity, which can become life-threatening.
Common Blood Tests
When appendicitis is suspected, healthcare providers order a series of blood tests to look for signs of inflammation or infection. A complete blood count (CBC) is a common test that measures various components of your blood, including white blood cells. This test helps determine if your body is fighting an infection.
Another frequently used test is the C-reactive protein (CRP) test. CRP, a protein produced by the liver, rises in response to inflammation throughout the body. Measuring CRP can provide an indication of the severity of inflammation.
Interpreting Abnormal Results
An elevated white blood cell (WBC) count, also known as leukocytosis, suggests the presence of an infection or inflammation within the body. In cases of acute appendicitis, the WBC count is increased, reflecting the body’s immune response to the inflamed appendix. A WBC count greater than 10,000 to 15,000 cells per microliter of blood can indicate an inflammatory response.
An increase in immature forms of white blood cells, such as band neutrophils, known as a “left shift,” suggests an active infection or significant inflammation. An elevated neutrophil count, a specific type of white blood cell involved in fighting infection, is observed in acute appendicitis. Similarly, an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level reinforces the suspicion of inflammation. Both elevated WBC and CRP levels point towards an inflammatory process, though they do not definitively confirm appendicitis.
The Role of Blood Tests in Diagnosis
Blood tests serve as indicators of inflammation or infection, offering supportive evidence in the diagnostic process for appendicitis. While an elevated white blood cell count or C-reactive protein level can suggest an issue, these findings alone are not enough to confirm appendicitis. Other conditions, such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, or inflammatory bowel disease, can also cause similar elevations in these markers.
Blood test results are considered part of a larger clinical picture rather than a definitive diagnosis. They help guide healthcare professionals by indicating the presence of an inflammatory response, prompting further investigation. The absence of these markers can also help rule out appendicitis.
Beyond Blood Tests: Further Diagnosis
Following blood tests, a diagnostic approach for appendicitis involves several additional steps. A physical examination is a part, where a healthcare professional will assess abdominal pain, tenderness, and rigidity. The patient’s medical history, including the onset and nature of symptoms, is considered.
Imaging studies are used to provide a clearer view of the appendix and surrounding structures. An abdominal ultrasound is the initial imaging test, particularly for children and pregnant individuals, as it does not involve radiation. Computed tomography (CT) scans offer more detailed cross-sectional images and are considered reliable for visualizing an inflamed appendix or associated complications. These combined diagnostic methods help clinicians arrive at a diagnosis.