Ampelopsis grossedentata, commonly known as Vine Tea or Moyea, is a plant species belonging to the Vitaceae family. This perennial woody vine is primarily found across central and southern China, thriving particularly in mountainous regions at altitudes typically ranging from 400 to 1300 meters. Its leaves and stems are traditionally harvested to produce a distinctive herbal tea, which has been consumed in China for centuries and is gaining recognition in other parts of Southeast Asia.
The English name “moyeam” is derived from its Chinese name, “茅岩莓” (máo yán méi), reflecting its origins. While most moyeam cultivation occurs in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, the plant demonstrates adaptability and can also grow at lower altitudes.
Traditional and Modern Applications
Ampelopsis grossedentata has a long history of use in China, dating back over 600 years, where it was considered both a medicinal and edible plant. Folk traditions, particularly among the Tujia minority group, involved processing its tender stems and leaves into a health-care tea. This traditional preparation method, which includes plucking, withering, rolling, and fermenting, contributes to its unique flavor and distinctive “white frost” appearance.
Historically, this vine tea was used to address various ailments, including colds, fevers, sore throats, and even toothaches. People also used it for conditions such as icteric hepatitis, sore boils, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Beyond its use as a brewed tea, the plant was applied externally for issues like carbuncle swelling, and its perceived benefits extended to clearing heat, moisturizing the lungs, and relieving coughs.
In modern times, Ampelopsis grossedentata continues to be utilized in diverse forms, extending beyond its traditional tea preparation. It is now incorporated into various health supplements and functional food products, reflecting a growing interest in its potential health-promoting properties. Companies market products refined from its tender stems and leaves, including boxed formulations and compound beverages, sometimes combined with other herbal ingredients. Its main bioactive component, dihydromyricetin, has also gained attention for its potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries, including as a natural antioxidant to extend food shelf life.
Scientific Insights into Health Properties
The therapeutic potential of Ampelopsis grossedentata is largely attributed to its rich content of bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoids. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is the most abundant flavonoid, constituting about 40% of the total flavonoid content. Other significant flavonoids include:
Myricetin
Quercetin
Quercetin-5-O-β-D-glucoside
Taxifolin
Research has explored the antioxidant properties of Ampelopsis grossedentata and its components. Flavonoids, including DHM, are known for their ability to scavenge free radicals, which helps alleviate disorders linked to oxidative stress.
The plant also demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects. Flavonoids can reduce the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines and prostaglandins, by inhibiting the enzymes responsible for their production. Studies using human immune cells have shown that Ampelopsis grossedentata extract can decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6, and reduce the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. This suggests a role in managing inflammation-related chronic diseases.
Ampelopsis grossedentata has hepatoprotective, or liver-protective, activities. Studies have evaluated the protective effect of compounds isolated from the plant on liver cells, with certain flavonols demonstrating strong hepatoprotective activity. The plant’s ability to counteract liver inflammation, prevent intestinal epithelial barrier damage, and restore gut microbiota balance contributes to these effects.
Dihydromyricetin has been investigated for various other biological activities, including antidiabetic, antitumor, and antiviral effects. It may also prevent the formation of thrombi. Studies suggest DHM’s potential to influence gut microbiota composition and diversity, which can impact overall health and metabolism.
Safety Profile and Consumption Guidance
Ampelopsis grossedentata has been consumed traditionally for centuries. The plant, particularly its flavonoids, appears non-toxic with long-term consumption in animal studies. However, specific side effects or contraindications for human consumption are not widely detailed.
As with any herbal product or supplement, consulting a healthcare professional before incorporating Ampelopsis grossedentata into one’s regimen is advisable, especially for individuals with existing health conditions or those taking other medications. This precaution helps to identify potential interactions or adverse effects that may arise.