Alfuzosin is a medication classified as an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blocker. This drug is primarily prescribed to manage the symptoms of an enlarged prostate gland, a condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH. Alfuzosin is available as an extended-release tablet and is typically taken once daily with food.
Understanding Alfuzosin’s Primary Role
Alfuzosin primarily alleviates symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland common in aging men. An enlarged prostate can press on the urethra, causing various urinary issues.
This medication works by selectively targeting alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, found in the smooth muscles of the prostate, bladder neck, and prostatic urethra. By blocking these receptors, alfuzosin causes these smooth muscles to relax. This relaxation reduces resistance to urine flow, making urination easier.
The relaxation of these muscles helps improve symptoms such as difficulty starting urination, a weak or interrupted urine stream, frequent urination, urgency, and incomplete bladder emptying. While alfuzosin effectively manages these symptoms and improves urine flow, it does not reduce the actual size of the prostate gland.
Alfuzosin’s Connection to Erectile Function
Alfuzosin is not an approved treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). However, as an alpha-blocker, it can influence blood vessels throughout the body, including those involved in achieving an erection. This effect can extend beyond the prostate and bladder.
Some studies have explored alfuzosin’s potential impact on erectile function in men also experiencing BPH. One study indicated that alfuzosin 10 mg once daily might improve erectile function in men with lower urinary tract symptoms and existing erectile dysfunction. Another found it improved erectile disorder and satisfaction subscores in men with BPH and mild to severe ED.
Alfuzosin’s primary indication is not ED, and it should not be used off-label without medical supervision. While some research suggests a beneficial effect on sexual function in men with BPH, other reports indicate negative effects, including erectile dysfunction or decreased sexual desire. Discuss all potential effects with a healthcare provider.
Potential Side Effects and Drug Interactions
Alfuzosin can cause several side effects. Common ones include dizziness, headache, fatigue, and a stuffy or runny nose. Some individuals may also experience a sudden drop in blood pressure, especially when standing up quickly, which can lead to lightheadedness or even fainting.
More serious, though less frequent, side effects include chest pain, a prolonged and painful erection (priapism), or liver injury. If any serious side effects occur, immediate medical attention is necessary. Patients should also be aware of Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome (IFIS), which can occur during cataract surgery in individuals taking or previously treated with alpha-blockers.
Alfuzosin can interact with various other medications. Concurrent use with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as certain antifungals (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole) or HIV protease inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir), is contraindicated because these drugs can significantly increase alfuzosin blood levels, raising the risk of side effects. Combining alfuzosin with other alpha-blockers or medications for erectile dysfunction (like sildenafil or tadalafil) can also lead to a dangerous drop in blood pressure due to additive effects.
Important Considerations Before Use
Before starting alfuzosin, a healthcare provider should evaluate the patient to rule out prostate cancer, as BPH and prostate cancer can present with similar symptoms. The medication is contraindicated in individuals with moderate to severe liver impairment, as increased drug levels can occur.
Patients with a history of prolonged QT interval or those taking medications that prolong the QT interval should use alfuzosin with caution, as its effect on QT interval is not fully known. Take alfuzosin exactly as prescribed, typically once daily after the same meal, swallowing extended-release tablets whole. Avoid suddenly standing up to minimize dizziness, and consult your doctor before stopping or altering your medication regimen.