Dentures are removable prosthetic devices that replace missing natural teeth and surrounding tissues. They restore the ability to chew food and speak clearly, while also providing support for facial structures that can sag after tooth loss. This method of tooth replacement is widely adopted to maintain oral function and aesthetics.
Different Types of Dentures
The type of denture recommended depends on the number of missing teeth and the condition of the remaining oral structures. Full or complete dentures are for individuals who have lost all teeth in either the upper or lower jaw. These devices rest directly on the gums and underlying bone ridge, relying on suction and the mouth’s shape for stability. Partial dentures are used when some natural teeth remain, filling gaps created by missing teeth. They consist of replacement teeth attached to a gum-colored base, secured by clasps that hook onto the remaining natural teeth.
A distinction exists between conventional and immediate full dentures, based on the timing of their placement. Conventional dentures are fabricated and placed only after the remaining teeth have been removed and the gum tissues have fully healed, a process that can take several months. Immediate dentures, in contrast, are pre-made and inserted immediately following tooth extractions, ensuring the patient is not without teeth during the healing period. However, immediate dentures often require more frequent adjustments or relining as the gums shrink and change shape during the initial healing phase.
A more advanced option is the implant-supported denture. These devices attach to small titanium posts surgically placed into the jawbone, offering significantly greater stability than traditional types. The implants stimulate the jawbone, which helps reduce the bone loss that often occurs beneath conventional dentures. This type may be either removable, snapping onto the implants, or fixed, which only a dentist can remove.
Essential Daily Care and Maintenance
Proper daily cleaning is necessary to remove food particles, plaque, and bacteria, preventing staining and oral infections. Always begin by rinsing the denture under running water to clear away loose debris. The device should then be brushed at least once a day using a soft-bristled brush or a specialty denture brush.
It is important to use a mild soap or a non-abrasive denture cleaning paste instead of regular toothpaste. Many common toothpastes are too abrasive and can scratch the denture material, creating tiny surface areas where bacteria can thrive. When cleaning, always hold the denture over a folded towel or a sink filled with water; this precaution prevents breakage if the appliance is accidentally dropped.
Dentures must remain moist to retain their shape and prevent warping, so they should be soaked overnight when not being worn. Use cool water or a commercially available denture-cleansing solution. Hot or boiling water must be avoided, as high temperatures can permanently warp the acrylic base and ruin the fit. Additionally, clean the mouth tissues at least once daily. Gently brush the gums, tongue, and roof of the mouth to remove adhesive and stimulate blood circulation.
Adapting to Life with Dentures
The transition period with new dentures involves functional adjustments, particularly concerning eating and speaking. When learning to eat, begin with soft foods, cutting all food into small, manageable pieces. As comfort increases, gradually introduce firmer foods. Chew slowly and distribute pressure by chewing on both sides of the mouth simultaneously to stabilize the denture.
Speaking may feel different initially, and some people experience a temporary lisp, particularly with “s” and “f” sounds, because the denture alters the path of airflow. Reading aloud for about ten minutes daily is a practical way to train the tongue and facial muscles to adapt to the new appliance. Over time, the muscles learn to position the tongue correctly for clear enunciation, and the lisp generally fades.
Initial soreness or discomfort is common as mouth tissues adapt to the new device. If persistent sore spots develop, contact a dental professional promptly for an adjustment, as ill-fitting devices can cause irritation and infection. Denture adhesives can be used sparingly for added stability, but they are not a substitute for a properly fitting device. Regular dental checkups are necessary to examine the gums, check the appliance fit, and assess the need for relining or adjustments due to natural changes.