A cystogram is an imaging test that uses X-rays to visualize the urinary bladder. This medical procedure creates a detailed record of the bladder’s structure and function. It typically involves introducing a contrast dye into the bladder, which allows healthcare providers to see the organ more clearly on X-ray images. The general purpose of a cystogram is to help diagnose a variety of issues affecting the bladder and the lower urinary tract.
Why a Cystogram is Performed
A cystogram is performed to investigate various bladder and urinary tract concerns, providing insights into their underlying causes. Healthcare providers may order this test to understand persistent symptoms or to assess the urinary system’s integrity. It is frequently used to explore recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) or issues related to bladder emptying. The procedure can also help identify the reasons behind blood in the urine, a condition known as hematuria. Additionally, it is used to investigate urinary incontinence, which involves a loss of bladder control.
Preparing For and Undergoing a Cystogram
Preparing for a cystogram typically involves minimal steps, though specific instructions may vary. Patients are usually asked to remove any clothing, jewelry, or other objects that could interfere with the X-ray imaging and will change into a hospital gown. It is often recommended to empty the bladder just before the procedure begins. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about any allergies, especially to contrast dye or iodine, and if there is any possibility of pregnancy.
During the procedure, the patient lies on their back on an X-ray table. A healthcare provider will gently insert a thin, flexible tube called a urinary catheter into the bladder through the urethra. As the bladder fills, some individuals may experience a sensation of fullness or an urge to urinate. X-ray images are taken as the bladder fills with the contrast dye, and the patient may be asked to change positions to obtain different views. In some cases, particularly for voiding cystourethrograms (VCUGs), additional images are taken while the patient urinates to observe how the bladder empties. Once all necessary images are captured, the catheter is removed. The entire procedure typically takes between 30 and 45 minutes.
Conditions Diagnosed by a Cystogram
A cystogram is instrumental in diagnosing a range of conditions affecting the bladder and associated urinary structures. One common diagnosis is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), where the test can show urine flowing backward from the bladder towards the kidneys. This condition is particularly important to identify, especially in children, due to its potential to cause kidney damage.
The imaging also helps in detecting structural abnormalities within the bladder itself. These can include bladder diverticula, which are small pouches that bulge outwards from the bladder wall, or the presence of tumors and polyps. A cystogram can further reveal blockages or narrowings, known as strictures, in the urethra or ureters, which can impede urine flow. In cases of trauma, such as after an injury, the test can identify bladder tears or leaks.
Important Considerations for a Cystogram
After a cystogram, patients can generally resume their usual activities. It is often recommended to drink additional fluids for a day or two following the procedure. This helps to flush the contrast dye out of the system and can also aid in preventing a bladder infection. Some individuals may experience mild discomfort when urinating or notice a pink tinge to their urine for a day or two, which is considered normal. However, it is important to contact a healthcare provider if pain during urination worsens or lasts longer than two days, or if symptoms like fever, chills, or abdominal pain develop. There is a small possibility of developing a bladder infection due to the catheter insertion.