Total knee replacement surgery is a common procedure performed to address severe knee pain and mobility limitations, often resulting from conditions like osteoarthritis. Preparing for this surgery effectively can significantly influence the recovery process. A structured exercise program before the operation plays an important role in readying the body for the upcoming changes and rehabilitation.
Why Exercise Before Total Knee Replacement?
Engaging in physical activity before total knee replacement offers several advantages, contributing to a smoother surgical experience and recovery. Pre-operative exercise, sometimes called “prehabilitation,” can lead to improved surgical outcomes. Patients who engage in prehabilitation often experience faster recovery times, potentially reducing the need for inpatient rehabilitation services. This preparation strengthens muscles around the knee, supporting the new joint after surgery. It also improves joint flexibility and builds stamina, contributing to more effective post-surgery rehabilitation and a more comfortable recovery.
Essential Guidelines for Pre-Surgery Exercises
Adhering to safety guidelines is important for pre-surgery exercises. Always listen to your body; if an exercise causes significant or sharp pain, stop immediately. Proper warm-up and cool-down routines prepare muscles for activity and aid recovery.
Consistency in your exercise routine is important for building strength and flexibility over time. Gradually increase the intensity or duration of exercises as your strength improves. Maintaining correct form during each exercise helps target intended muscles effectively and reduces injury risk.
Recommended Exercises for Knee Preparation
Strengthening the muscles around the knee and improving its flexibility are primary goals for pre-surgery preparation. These exercises target the quadriceps, hamstrings, and glutes, which support knee function. Incorporating these movements into a routine can help improve joint stability and prepare the leg for post-operative recovery.
Quadriceps Sets
This exercise activates and strengthens the quadriceps muscles on the front of the thigh. Lie on your back with your leg straight. Actively press the back of your knee down into the floor or bed, tightening the thigh muscle. Hold this contraction for 5 to 10 seconds, then relax. Perform 2-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions daily.
Hamstring Curls
Hamstring curls strengthen the muscles on the back of your thighs, which are important for bending the knee and walking. While standing and holding onto a stable surface for support, slowly bend one knee, bringing your heel toward your buttocks. Control the movement as you lower your foot back to the starting position. Aim for 2 to 3 sets of 10 to 15 repetitions on each leg.
Straight Leg Raises
This exercise targets the quadriceps and hip flexor muscles, important for regaining strength after surgery. Lie on your back with one leg bent, foot flat on the floor, and the other leg straight. Tighten the thigh muscles of the straight leg and slowly lift it approximately 6 to 12 inches off the ground, keeping the knee straight. Hold for 3 to 5 seconds, then slowly lower the leg. Complete 2-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions on each leg.
Glute Squeezes
Strengthening the gluteal muscles helps stabilize the pelvis and supports the knee joint. Lie on your back with both legs straight or knees bent and feet flat. Gently squeeze your buttocks together, holding the contraction for 5 seconds. Release slowly. Repeat for 2-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions.
Heel Slides
Heel slides improve knee flexibility and range of motion. Lie on your back with legs extended. Slowly slide one heel toward your buttocks, bending your knee and keeping your heel in contact with the surface. Slide your heel as far as comfortable, hold briefly for 5 to 10 seconds, then slowly slide it back to the starting position. Perform 2-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions per leg.
Gentle Knee Bends (Sitting)
This exercise maintains and improves the knee’s range of motion. Sit on a sturdy chair with your feet flat on the floor. Slowly slide one foot back as far as possible under the chair, bending your knee. Hold for 5 seconds, then slide your foot forward to the starting position. Repeat for 2-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions on each leg.
Important Considerations and Professional Guidance
While beneficial, exercise with caution and awareness. If you experience sharp pain, increased swelling, or instability during an exercise, stop immediately and consult your healthcare provider. These symptoms could indicate a need to adjust your routine or seek medical advice.
These exercises are general guidelines and may not be suitable for everyone. A personalized exercise plan developed by a physical therapist or doctor is recommended. They can assess your specific condition, limitations, and overall health to create a safe and effective regimen tailored to your needs. Discussing your exercise routine with your surgical team ensures it aligns with your pre-operative preparation. As the surgery date approaches, your healthcare provider will advise you on when to reduce or stop intense exercise.