Low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia, can cause sleepiness and fatigue. This occurs when glucose, the body’s main energy source, drops below healthy levels, typically under 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). When blood sugar falls too low, brain function can be impaired, leading to tiredness. Understanding this connection and recognizing other signs is important for effective management.
The Connection: How Low Blood Sugar Affects the Brain
The brain relies heavily on glucose for energy, needing a continuous supply even during sleep. When blood sugar drops, the brain doesn’t receive enough fuel, leading to neuroglycopenia. This energy deficit impairs brain functions, causing symptoms like confusion, difficulty concentrating, weakness, or sleepiness. The brain’s sensitivity to glucose fluctuations means even moderate drops affect cognitive performance.
Insufficient glucose disrupts communication between neurons. This disruption leads to noticeable changes, including increased fatigue and a strong urge to sleep. The body conserves energy when glucose is scarce, contributing to lethargy. This explains why sleepiness is a common symptom of low blood sugar.
Recognizing Other Signs of Low Blood Sugar
Beyond sleepiness, low blood sugar can cause other physical and cognitive signs that appear suddenly. Common physical symptoms include shakiness, sweating, chills, a rapid heartbeat, anxiety, or nervousness. Other indicators are intense hunger, dizziness, lightheadedness, or tingling in the lips, tongue, or cheeks. Cognitive and mood changes can include irritability and blurred vision. Recognizing these symptoms is important for prompt action before blood sugar levels drop further.
Immediate Steps for Low Blood Sugar
When experiencing low blood sugar symptoms, act quickly to raise blood glucose levels. The “15-15 rule” is the recommended approach for mild to moderate low blood sugar. This involves consuming 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates. Examples include four ounces (half a cup) of fruit juice or regular soda (not diet), one tablespoon of sugar or honey, or three to four glucose tablets.
After consuming carbohydrates, wait 15 minutes and recheck blood sugar levels. If still below 70 mg/dL, another 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates should be consumed. Repeat this process until blood sugar levels return to at least 70 mg/dL. Once blood sugar is in a healthy range, a small snack with protein and carbohydrates can help maintain glucose levels and prevent another drop, especially if the next meal is not soon.
When to Consult a Doctor
Seeking medical attention for low blood sugar is important in several situations. If symptoms of hypoglycemia are severe, such as loss of consciousness or seizures, immediate emergency medical help is necessary. Consult a healthcare provider if low blood sugar does not improve after immediate treatment steps, or if episodes occur frequently.
Individuals without diabetes who experience low blood sugar should also see a doctor, as an underlying cause may require diagnosis and treatment. A doctor can help determine the reason for low blood sugar and develop a management plan, which may involve adjusting medications, dietary changes, or further diagnostic tests. Discussing concerns about low blood sugar with a healthcare provider helps ensure proper care and can prevent serious complications.