Lithops, often called “living stones,” are unique succulents known for their ability to camouflage with their rocky surroundings. Owners frequently observe wrinkling in these plants, which can sometimes be a normal part of their growth cycle, but at other times, it may indicate an underlying issue requiring attention. Understanding the distinction between these states is important for maintaining the plant’s health.
Why Lithops Get Wrinkly
Wrinkling is a natural part of Lithops development. In late winter and spring, new leaves emerge from the central fissure of the existing pair. The plant absorbs moisture and nutrients from the old, outer leaves to fuel this new growth. As this process unfolds, the old leaves gradually shrivel, becoming thin and papery. This shriveling is healthy, indicating the plant reabsorbs resources for new growth.
However, wrinkling can also signal distress. Unlike natural shriveling, problematic wrinkling appears as a generalized loss of plumpness or sudden collapse. It is not associated with new leaf emergence and suggests stress or environmental imbalance.
Diagnosing Problematic Wrinkling
Several factors can cause problematic wrinkling. Underwatering, a common cause, leads to a shriveled appearance as the plant uses internal water reserves. Horizontal wrinkles on the top can indicate thirst.
Conversely, overwatering can also cause wrinkling and collapse. Excessive moisture leads to root rot, preventing roots from absorbing water and dehydrating the plant. Signs include a mushy texture or vertical wrinkles before shriveling.
Inadequate light also contributes to wrinkling. Too little light causes stretching and weakness, hindering water regulation. Too much intense, unacclimated sunlight can lead to rapid dehydration, sunburn, and shriveling.
Soil type significantly impacts Lithops health. Soil retaining too much moisture, like standard potting mix, promotes root rot, mimicking overwatering. Conversely, soil that drains too quickly may not allow enough moisture absorption, leading to dehydration.
Lithops also enter dormancy, typically in summer or winter. During this time, growth slows or halts, and they may appear somewhat wrinkled. This natural protective mechanism causes non-problematic wrinkling, unless accompanied by mushiness or discolored growth.
Care Strategies for Healthy Lithops
Watering correctly is important for Lithops health. Water deeply but infrequently, allowing soil to dry completely between waterings. Water only when the plant shows signs of thirst, like slight wrinkling, and when actively growing, not splitting new leaves. Seasonal adjustments are important; many species require sparing or no watering during summer and winter dormancy.
Appropriate light conditions are also important. Lithops thrive in bright, direct sunlight, ideally four to six hours daily. A south-facing window is often suitable indoors, but protect from intense afternoon sun to prevent scorching. Insufficient light leads to elongated growth, while too much direct sun causes stress.
The right soil mix ensures proper drainage, preventing root rot. A well-draining, gritty succulent or cactus mix is recommended. Add inorganic amendments like perlite, pumice, coarse sand, or decomposed granite to a standard cactus mix. A mix with at least 80% inorganic material is ideal.
Good air circulation and appropriate temperatures also support Lithops. They prefer warm temperatures, between 65-80°F (18-27°C), but tolerate slightly cooler nights. Adequate airflow helps soil dry more quickly and prevents fungal issues. While Lithops tolerate high heat, they go dormant in extreme temperatures, and excessive heat without proper ventilation can be detrimental.
Repot Lithops sparingly, only when they outgrow their container or soil needs replacing, every few years. Choose a pot deep enough for their long taproot, 3 to 5 inches deep, ensuring drainage holes. Minimal fertilization is needed; apply a low-nitrogen, high-potassium succulent fertilizer diluted to half strength once or twice during the growing season.