Aloe vera, a popular succulent, is generally considered low-maintenance. However, a common issue owners encounter is leaves falling off. This often signals an underlying environmental or care problem that can be corrected with adjustments.
Key Reasons for Aloe Leaf Drop and How to Address Them
Overwatering
Overwatering frequently causes aloe leaf drop and plant stress. Excessively moist soil deprives roots of oxygen, leading to root rot. Signs include soft, mushy, translucent, yellowing, or browning leaves, and a soft, unstable plant base.
To address this, remove the plant from its pot and gently brush away soggy soil. Trim any black, mushy, or smelly roots with clean shears, and remove irreparable leaves. Repot the aloe in fresh, dry, well-draining succulent or cactus soil. Avoid watering for at least a week after repotting to allow recovery and new root establishment.
Underwatering
Conversely, prolonged dryness can also cause aloe leaves to drop. Underwatering makes leaves shrivel, thin, brittle, or turn brown at the tips as the plant depletes stored water. Consistent neglect weakens the plant, despite its drought tolerance.
To rehydrate, water thoroughly until drainage occurs. Allow the soil to dry significantly before the next watering to prevent overwatering. A consistent schedule, such as every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer and less in fall/winter, helps maintain optimal moisture.
Insufficient Light
Aloe vera plants need ample light for health. Inadequate light causes weak, leggy growth, with pale or yellow leaves that droop and fall. Overall growth may also be stunted.
Aloe thrives in bright, indirect sunlight, ideally 6-8 hours daily. A south or west-facing window is suitable indoors; use sheer curtains to filter intense direct light. Gradually transition the plant to brighter locations to prevent shock. Rotate the pot every few weeks for balanced growth.
Temperature Extremes
Aloe vera plants prefer warm, dry conditions, thriving between 55°F (13°C) and 80°F (27°C). Sudden changes or prolonged cold can shock the plant, causing leaf drop. Below 50°F (10°C), leaves may turn mushy or brown as the gel freezes. Above 80°F (27°C), leaves can thin, wrinkle, or dry out from moisture loss.
Protect aloes from cold drafts near windows or AC units, and from direct heat sources. If moved outdoors, bring them inside if nighttime temperatures drop significantly. Gradual acclimatization prevents temperature shock.
Pests
Pests can stress an aloe plant, causing leaves to weaken and fall. Mealybugs and scale insects are common, feeding on plant sap. Mealybugs appear as white, cottony masses, while scale insects resemble small, hard bumps. Aphids also infest aloes, causing leaf distortion.
Regular inspection helps early detection. For minor infestations, dislodge pests with a strong water stream. Wipe affected leaves with a cotton swab dipped in 70% isopropyl alcohol for mealybugs. For widespread issues, apply insecticidal soap or diluted neem oil solutions, ensuring thorough coverage.
General Care for a Healthy Aloe
For a healthy aloe, use well-draining soil designed for succulents or cacti, containing components like perlite or pumice to prevent water retention. Regular potting soil is too dense and retains too much moisture.
Select a container with drainage holes to prevent waterlogging and root rot. Terracotta or unglazed ceramic pots are favored for their porous nature, which aids moisture evaporation. The pot size should be proportional, generally 1-2 inches wider than the current pot, allowing growth without excessive soil volume.
Use the “finger test” to determine watering needs: insert a finger 2-3 inches into the soil. If dry, it is time to water, typically every 2-3 weeks during the growing season and less in dormant periods. Good air circulation around the plant also contributes to its health by helping the soil dry out more evenly and discouraging fungal issues. Occasionally wiping dust from the leaves with a damp cloth helps the plant absorb light more effectively and keeps its pores clear.
When to Act and What to Expect
When an aloe plant shows distress, prompt action is beneficial. Changes in leaf appearance, such as mushiness, shriveling, or discoloration, signal a need to assess its environment and care. Addressing issues quickly can prevent further decline. Aloes are resilient and can recover from significant stress.
Recovery timelines vary with problem severity and plant health. With proper adjustments, new, firm growth from the plant’s center may appear within weeks. If a plant is too far gone, especially with extensive root rot, healthy parts like offsets or viable leaves can be propagated to start new plants.