Being referred to a perinatologist, also known as a maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) specialist, means that your pregnancy requires specialized attention beyond routine prenatal care. These medical professionals focus on pregnancies considered to have increased risks for either the pregnant individual, the developing baby, or both. A referral ensures the healthiest possible outcome for mother and child.
Understanding a Perinatologist’s Role
A perinatologist is an obstetrician-gynecologist (OB/GYN) who has completed extensive additional training, typically two to three years, specifically in maternal-fetal medicine. This advanced education equips them with expertise in complex medical and surgical complications that can arise during pregnancy. Their primary focus involves managing health concerns for both the pregnant individual and the fetus in high-risk situations. While a perinatologist may provide significant care, they often work collaboratively with the patient’s primary OB/GYN, complementing the existing care plan.
Maternal Health Considerations
Referral to a perinatologist often occurs due to pre-existing health conditions of the pregnant individual or new health issues that develop during pregnancy. Chronic conditions such as pre-existing diabetes or gestational diabetes require specialized oversight. Similarly, hypertension, whether chronic or manifesting as preeclampsia, requires close monitoring by a perinatologist to manage blood pressure and reduce associated risks. Individuals with kidney disease, certain heart conditions, or autoimmune disorders like lupus also benefit from this specialized care. Advanced maternal age, generally considered 35 years or older, increases certain risks, leading to a potential perinatology referral for additional screening and monitoring.
Fetal Health Concerns
Concerns directly related to the developing baby’s health are another common reason for a perinatology referral. If routine ultrasounds suggest suspected fetal growth restriction, a perinatologist can provide detailed assessment and management. The identification of congenital anomalies or birth defects through imaging tests like ultrasound also warrants specialized evaluation and care planning. Chromosomal abnormalities, often detected through genetic screening or diagnostic tests, lead to a referral for comprehensive counseling and monitoring. Additionally, multiple gestations, such as twins or triplets, carry increased risks, making perinatology involvement common.
Managing Pregnancy Complications
Beyond pre-existing conditions or inherent fetal issues, complications that arise during the pregnancy itself frequently lead to a perinatology referral. Preterm labor, or a heightened risk of preterm birth, requires expert management to prolong the pregnancy and improve outcomes for the baby. Issues with the placenta, such as placenta previa or placenta accreta, are complex conditions that perinatologists manage. Abnormalities in amniotic fluid volume, including polyhydramnios (excess fluid) or oligohydramnios (too little fluid), require specialized assessment. These complications require a perinatologist’s expertise for guiding care.
What to Expect from a Perinatology Referral
Upon referral, the initial perinatology consultation typically involves a thorough review of your medical history and a detailed discussion about the specific concerns leading to the appointment. The perinatologist may recommend advanced diagnostic tests and monitoring, such as detailed ultrasounds or fetal echocardiograms to assess the baby’s heart structure and function. Other tests might include specialized blood tests or genetic screenings depending on the situation.
The perinatologist works closely with your primary OB/GYN, ensuring a coordinated approach to your care. Together, they will develop a personalized management plan tailored to your needs, optimizing health outcomes for you and your baby. This referral provides access to specialized knowledge and technology for complex pregnancies.