Nosebleeds are common for many pregnant individuals. While unsettling, these episodes are a frequent and generally harmless aspect of pregnancy. Research indicates that nosebleeds affect up to 20% of pregnant people, a notable increase compared to about 6% in non-pregnant individuals.
Why Nosebleeds Occur During Pregnancy
The body undergoes significant changes during pregnancy, including alterations to its circulatory system and hormone levels. Estrogen and progesterone, two hormones that increase substantially during this time, play a role in making nasal blood vessels more susceptible to bleeding.
The total blood volume in the body can increase by as much as 50% during pregnancy. This increased volume places additional pressure on the delicate capillaries within the nasal passages. These small vessels become engorged and more fragile, making them prone to rupturing and bleeding with minor irritation. Factors such as dry air, allergies, colds, or nose blowing can further irritate these sensitive tissues.
Managing Nosebleeds at Home
Several practical steps can help reduce the frequency of nosebleeds and manage them. Staying well-hydrated helps maintain moisture in the nasal membranes, making them less prone to drying. Using a humidifier, especially in dry environments or during colder months, adds moisture to the air and can prevent nasal passages from becoming dry. Applying a saline nasal spray or gel can also moisturize the inside of the nose.
When a nosebleed begins, remain calm and follow a specific procedure. Sit upright and lean slightly forward to prevent blood from flowing down the throat, which can cause nausea or vomiting. Firmly pinch the soft part of the nose just above the nostrils for 10 to 15 minutes continuously. Breathing through the mouth is natural. Applying an ice pack to the bridge of the nose may also help constrict blood vessels and slow the bleeding.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most nosebleeds during pregnancy are not serious, medical evaluation is advisable in specific situations. If a nosebleed is very heavy or continues to bleed despite 15 to 30 minutes of continuous pressure, it warrants medical attention. This also applies if the bleeding seems excessive or if you are concerned about the amount of blood lost.
Immediate medical care is also necessary if a nosebleed is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, such as dizziness, weakness, fainting, or trouble breathing. A nosebleed that occurs after a head injury, even if the bleeding is minor, should also be evaluated promptly. Additionally, if nosebleeds become very frequent or are associated with other signs like easy bruising or bleeding from other areas, discussing these with a healthcare provider is prudent to rule out any underlying conditions.