The money tree, or Pachira aquatica, is a favored houseplant, known for its distinctive hand-shaped leaves. While generally easy to care for, a common concern for many owners is when its leaves begin to turn brown and fall off. This issue often signals an underlying problem with the plant’s environment or care routine. Understanding the specific reasons behind this browning can help you diagnose and resolve the problem, restoring your money tree to its vibrant state.
Understanding Why Money Tree Leaves Turn Brown
Watering Imbalances
Watering practices are a primary cause of browning money tree leaves. Both overwatering and underwatering lead to discoloration and shedding. Overwatering results in soggy soil, depriving roots of oxygen and causing root rot, leading to yellow, soft, then brown leaves. A mushy stem or foul soil odor may also be present.
Conversely, an underwatered money tree displays dry, crispy brown leaves, often starting from the edges or tips, and the soil feels completely dry. To determine needs, check soil moisture by inserting your finger about 2 inches deep. Water thoroughly until drainage, then empty excess water from the saucer.
Light Conditions
Money trees thrive in bright, indirect light, mimicking their natural habitat. Too much direct sunlight scorches leaves, causing crispy brown spots or a faded, orange appearance. Insufficient light weakens the plant, causing leaves to yellow before browning and dropping.
If receiving too much sun, move it to filtered light or use sheer curtains. For too little light, relocate to a brighter spot or supplement with a grow light. A north or east-facing window is often suitable, or a spot a few feet from a south or west-facing window.
Humidity Levels
As tropical plants, money trees prefer higher humidity. Low humidity, common in dry indoor environments or during winter heating, leads to crispy brown leaf tips or edges as air desiccates leaves.
To increase humidity, group your money tree with other plants, place it on a pebble tray (ensuring the pot does not sit in water), or use a small room humidifier. Avoid frequent misting, which can encourage fungal issues, especially with poor air circulation.
Temperature Stress
Money trees prefer stable temperatures, ideally between 65-80°F (18-27°C). Sudden temperature fluctuations or cold drafts stress the plant, causing leaves to brown and fall. Avoid placing the plant near drafty windows, doors, or heating/AC vents.
To prevent stress, position your money tree where temperatures remain consistent. Avoid extreme hot or cold air currents; a stable indoor environment is important.
Pests and Diseases
Pests contribute to browning leaves by feeding on plant sap, leading to discoloration and weakened foliage. Common culprits include spider mites and mealybugs, which cause leaves to yellow then brown, sometimes appearing as speckled or splotchy patterns. Inspect the undersides of leaves and stems for infestations. If pests are present, treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil, ensuring thorough coverage.
Fungal or bacterial infections also cause brown spots, especially in wet, humid conditions. If brown spots have yellow halos or appear mushy, it may indicate a fungal issue like leaf blight. Remove affected leaves and improve air circulation; a copper fungicide may be necessary in some cases.
Nutrient Deficiencies
While less common as a direct cause of sudden browning, prolonged nutrient deficiencies weaken a money tree, making it susceptible to other issues leading to leaf discoloration. If soil lacks essential nutrients or they are leached away, the plant struggles to thrive.
If a deficiency is suspected, use a balanced liquid fertilizer during the growing season. Yellowing leaves can indicate a lack of nitrogen, important for leaf development.
Natural Leaf Shedding
It is normal for money trees to shed older, lower leaves as part of their natural growth cycle, redirecting energy to new growth. These leaves typically yellow then brown before falling off. Distinguish this natural shedding from widespread or rapid browning, which usually signals a problem. If only a few older leaves brown while new growth appears healthy, it is likely a natural occurrence.
Long-Term Care for a Thriving Money Tree
Consistent care is essential for a thriving money tree. Regularly check soil moisture to maintain proper watering, provide consistent bright, indirect light, and ensure adequate humidity. Fertilize during growing seasons as needed. By proactively addressing these environmental factors, you can prevent leaf browning and support your plant’s long-term health.