An overbite occurs when the upper front teeth excessively overlap the lower front teeth. While a slight overlap is normal and necessary for proper function, an excessive overlap (typically more than 2 to 4 millimeters) can lead to various oral health issues. Many individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment for an overbite may notice their bite appears to worsen initially, leading to concerns about treatment effectiveness. This temporary change is a natural part of the tooth movement process.
How Braces Correct Overbites
Braces apply continuous, gentle pressure to gradually move teeth into their proper positions. This process involves attaching small brackets to the surface of each tooth, which are then connected by a thin wire called an archwire. Orthodontists periodically adjust this archwire, guiding the teeth along a precise path. For overbite correction, braces work to realign both the upper and lower dental arches. This often involves moving the upper teeth backward and the lower teeth slightly forward to achieve a harmonious bite.
Specialized components, such as rubber bands or elastics, are frequently used in conjunction with braces to apply targeted forces that facilitate these movements. These elastics are attached to specific hooks on the brackets, connecting the upper and lower teeth to encourage proper alignment. In some instances, particularly for younger patients, additional appliances like palatal expanders may be incorporated to widen a narrow upper jaw. This creates the necessary space for teeth to align correctly and helps to modify jaw growth patterns.
Why Overbites May Temporarily Worsen
The initial phases of orthodontic treatment can make an overbite appear to worsen before it improves. This is a normal and anticipated part of the corrective process. One reason for this temporary appearance is the initial focus on leveling and aligning all teeth within their respective arches. During this stage, teeth that were previously crowded or misaligned are straightened. This can temporarily redistribute existing spacing or create new gaps, and may cause some teeth to appear more crooked or lead to an initial increase in the visible overlap of the front teeth. Furthermore, orthodontists may intentionally open the bite in some cases to allow for specific tooth movements that cannot occur with a deep bite. This strategic opening, while necessary for long-term correction, can make the overbite seem more pronounced during the intermediate phases of treatment. As the treatment progresses, the jaws are guided into proper alignment, and the teeth settle into their corrected positions.
Other Factors Affecting Overbite Treatment
Beyond the planned, temporary shifts in bite appearance, several other factors can influence the progress of overbite correction. Patient compliance with orthodontic instructions plays a significant role in successful outcomes. Consistent wear of auxiliary appliances, such as elastics or headgear, is essential for applying the specific forces needed to correct jaw discrepancies and tooth positions. Failing to wear these prescribed appliances as directed can substantially slow treatment progress or even prevent desired correction. Issues with the orthodontic appliances themselves can also impact treatment. Broken brackets, loose wires, or bent archwires can disrupt the forces applied to the teeth, potentially delaying tooth movement or allowing teeth to shift in unintended ways. When a bracket detaches, the tooth no longer receives the planned force, hindering overall alignment. Such problems require timely attention from an orthodontist to ensure treatment stays on track. In growing patients, unexpected jaw growth patterns can sometimes influence the course of overbite treatment. While orthodontists account for typical growth, individual growth spurts or unforeseen growth directions of the upper or lower jaw can affect how the bite responds to treatment. Additionally, persistent oral habits, such as prolonged thumb sucking, pacifier use beyond early childhood, or tongue thrusting, can exert pressure on the teeth and jaws. These habits can impede overbite correction or even contribute to its development, necessitating their cessation for effective treatment.
When to Contact Your Orthodontist
It is important for patients to maintain open communication with their orthodontist throughout the treatment process. While some discomfort and temporary changes are normal, certain situations warrant immediate contact. Contact your orthodontist if you experience persistent or severe pain that does not subside with over-the-counter pain relievers, as this could indicate an issue requiring professional attention. Also, contact them if any part of your braces breaks or becomes loose, such as a bracket detaching from a tooth or a wire bending or poking your cheek. These issues can cause discomfort and affect treatment efficacy. Additionally, if you observe significant and rapid changes in your bite that feel wrong or are inconsistent with what your orthodontist has explained, seek their guidance. Prompt communication ensures concerns are addressed, contributing to a smoother and more effective treatment journey.