Root canal treatment is a common dental procedure aimed at saving a tooth that has become infected or severely damaged. This procedure involves removing the infected pulp from inside the tooth, cleaning and disinfecting the inner chambers, and then filling and sealing them to prevent further infection. A standard component of this intricate process is the application of a rubber dam.
This device plays a significant role in ensuring the effectiveness and safety of the entire root canal procedure. Understanding its function helps clarify why dentists routinely use it for this particular treatment.
What Exactly is a Rubber Dam?
A rubber dam is a thin, flexible sheet, typically made from latex or a non-latex material for individuals with allergies. It appears in colors like blue or green. This sheet measures approximately 6 inches (150 mm) square.
To use the dam, a small hole is punched into the sheet, through which the tooth requiring treatment is isolated. A small clamp, often made of metal, is then placed around the base of the tooth to hold the rubber dam securely. The sheet is stretched over a frame, creating a clear and isolated working area around the specific tooth.
Why Its Use is Essential for Root Canals
The primary reason for using a rubber dam during root canal therapy is to maintain a sterile operating field. The dam acts as a physical barrier, preventing saliva, which contains numerous bacteria, from contaminating the inside of the tooth. This isolation is crucial for preventing new infections and maximizing treatment success. Studies indicate the dam can reduce airborne salivary fluids by as much as 70%.
The rubber dam also provides a protective shield for the patient. During a root canal, small instruments and various irrigation solutions are used inside the tooth. The dam prevents these materials and instruments from being swallowed or inhaled. This barrier also protects the soft tissues of the mouth, like the tongue and cheeks, from contact with dental instruments or irritating chemicals.
The rubber dam enhances the dentist’s visibility and access to the treatment area. By keeping the tooth dry and retracting surrounding soft tissues, the dam allows for a clear, unobstructed view of the tooth. This improved visibility enables the dentist to work with greater precision and efficiency. A dry field also allows dental materials to bond and set, contributing to the longevity of the restoration.
The Patient’s Experience and Comfort
When a rubber dam is applied, patients might feel a stretching sensation as the sheet is positioned around the tooth. The clamp used to secure the dam is placed around the tooth, and while it might feel unusual at first, it is generally not painful. Many patients report increased comfort, knowing they are protected from instruments and solutions, and their tongue and cheeks are kept out of the way.
Patients can typically breathe normally through their nose while the rubber dam is in place. Communication with the dental team is possible, and patients can signal if they need to rinse or adjust their position. Although some patients may initially be concerned about difficulty swallowing or communicating, studies show a high level of patient satisfaction. The application process for a rubber dam is quick, contributing to a smoother overall experience.