Newborns often experience eye discharge, commonly referred to as “eye boogers,” which can appear as sticky, clear, whitish, or yellowish material in the corner of their eyes. This discharge can sometimes cause the eyelids to stick together, especially after sleep. While it may seem concerning to new parents, this phenomenon is quite common in infants and usually indicates a benign, temporary condition rather than a serious problem.
Primary Cause: Blocked Tear Ducts
The most frequent reason for newborn eye discharge is a blocked tear duct, a condition known as nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Tears are produced in the lacrimal glands, located above the eye, and serve to clean and lubricate the eye’s surface. Normally, blinking helps sweep tear fluid into tiny ducts that drain into the nose.
In newborns, these tear ducts may not be fully open at birth, or a thin membrane at the end of the duct might not have broken open yet. This anatomical immaturity prevents tears from draining properly, leading to a buildup of fluid, dust, and even bacteria in the eye. Approximately 5-20% of newborns are affected by blocked tear ducts, which often resolve on their own as the ducts mature, usually by the time the baby is one year old.
Other Potential Causes of Eye Discharge
While blocked tear ducts are common, other conditions can also cause eye discharge in newborns, presenting with distinct symptoms. Conjunctivitis, or “pink eye,” involves inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin tissue covering the white part of the eye. Bacterial conjunctivitis often presents with redness, swelling, and a thick, pus-like discharge that can be yellow or green.
Viral conjunctivitis typically results in more watery discharge, while chemical conjunctivitis can occur from irritants like eye drops administered at birth, leading to mild redness and eyelid puffiness. Minor irritants such as dust or lint can also cause a newborn’s eye to produce discharge as it attempts to clear the foreign particle.
Effective Home Care for Newborn Eye Discharge
Managing newborn eye discharge at home primarily involves gentle cleaning and maintaining good hygiene. To clean the eye, use a warm, damp cotton ball or a soft, clean cloth. Gently wipe the eye from the inner corner, near the nose, outwards towards the ear. It is important to use a fresh cotton ball or a different section of the cloth for each wipe and for each eye to prevent potential spread of any irritants or bacteria.
For a blocked tear duct, a gentle massage can help open the obstruction. Place a clean finger or cotton swab on the area near the inner corner of the baby’s eye, next to the nose. Apply gentle, downward pressure and massage in an upward motion towards the eye, repeating several times a day. Always ensure your hands are thoroughly washed with soap and water before and after touching your baby’s eyes to prevent introducing new bacteria.
Warning Signs and When to Seek Medical Attention
While many cases of newborn eye discharge are benign, certain signs indicate a need for prompt medical evaluation. Parents should consult a pediatrician if they observe excessive redness or swelling of the eyelid or the white part of the eye. The presence of thick, pus-like discharge that is distinctly yellow or green warrants medical attention, as this can suggest a bacterial infection.
Other concerning symptoms include fever, general signs of illness, increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), or if the eye discharge does not improve or worsens. Pain, discomfort, or a hard lump near the inner corner of the eye also warrant medical advice.