Inner elbow pain, particularly when extending the arm, is a common issue that can significantly impact daily activities. This discomfort often stems from stress on the tendons and muscles connecting to the inner part of the elbow.
Understanding Inner Elbow Pain
Inner elbow pain, often exacerbated by extending the arm, is frequently associated with medial epicondylitis, commonly called “golfer’s elbow.” This condition involves damage or irritation to the tendons attaching forearm muscles to the medial epicondyle, the bony prominence on the inside of the elbow. While named for golf, it affects anyone performing repetitive wrist and finger movements, such as gripping, flexing, or twisting.
The forearm muscles, including the flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres, originate from this area and are crucial for wrist flexion and forearm pronation. When these muscles are repeatedly used, particularly with forceful or improper technique, tiny tears can develop in their tendons. Repetitive stress can lead to tendinosis, a degenerative condition of the tendon, causing pain and tenderness. Less common causes of inner elbow pain with extension can include strain in the forearm muscles themselves or, in some cases, irritation of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), which helps stabilize the elbow joint.
Recognizing Symptoms and When to Seek Help
Symptoms of inner elbow pain include aching or sharp pain on the inner side of the elbow, which can spread along the inner forearm towards the wrist. This pain worsens with certain movements, especially those involving wrist flexion, gripping, lifting, or twisting the forearm. Other symptoms include tenderness on the medial epicondyle, elbow stiffness, or hand and wrist weakness. In some instances, numbness or tingling sensations may radiate into the ring and little fingers, suggesting potential involvement of the ulnar nerve, which runs behind the medial epicondyle.
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional if elbow pain persists for more than two weeks despite home remedies. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe pain, swelling, or bruising around the joint, or if you cannot move or bend your arm. Other concerning signs include visible deformity, fever accompanying elbow pain, or if numbness or tingling extends into the fingers, as these could indicate more serious conditions like nerve compression or a fracture.
Effective Treatment Approaches
Initial management for inner elbow pain begins with self-care strategies, such as the RICE method: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Resting the affected arm and avoiding aggravating activities allows tendons to heal. Applying ice for 15-20 minutes several times daily can reduce inflammation and pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as NSAIDs, can also help manage discomfort.
When self-care is insufficient, professional medical interventions may be recommended. Physical therapy is a common approach, focusing on exercises to stretch and strengthen forearm muscles and improve elbow mobility. A physical therapist can also provide guidance on proper mechanics for activities to reduce strain. In some cases, a brace worn just below the elbow can help compress forearm muscles and lessen force on the injured tendon. If conservative treatments are insufficient, a doctor might consider corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation around affected tendons. In rare, severe cases persisting 6-12 months despite non-surgical treatments, surgical options like medial epicondyle release may be considered to remove damaged tissue.
Preventing Future Episodes
Preventing inner elbow pain recurrence involves adopting habits that reduce stress on forearm tendons. A proper warm-up before repetitive arm or wrist movements is beneficial. Regular stretching of forearm muscles, including wrist flexor and extensor stretches, helps maintain flexibility and reduce tension. Strengthening exercises for forearm and wrist muscles, often using light weights or resistance, build resilience and better support tendons.
Using proper technique during sports or repetitive tasks, such as golf swings or weight training, helps avoid overloading the elbow. Ergonomic adjustments at work or home also play a significant role. Ensuring your desk and chair are at appropriate heights, keeping forearms parallel to the floor, and positioning your keyboard and mouse close to your body can reduce strain. Taking frequent short breaks during prolonged activities also helps prevent muscle fatigue and strain.