The sensation of an ear clicking or popping is common. This internal sound can manifest as a subtle pop, a distinct click, or even a crackling or thumping sensation. It often occurs intermittently and can be perceived when moving the jaw or during changes in pressure.
Common Causes of Ear Clicking
One frequent reason for ear clicking is Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD), involving the narrow tubes connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat. These tubes are responsible for equalizing air pressure and draining fluid from the middle ear, and normally open with actions like swallowing or yawning. When the Eustachian tube becomes blocked or inflamed due to conditions such as colds, allergies, or sinus infections, it may not open or close properly, leading to clicking or popping sounds as air attempts to pass through.
Problems with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which connects the jawbone to the skull, can also contribute to perceived ear clicking. This joint is located very close to the ear canal, and movements like chewing, talking, or yawning can cause sounds from a dysfunctional TMJ to be heard within the ear. These sounds might include clicks, pops, or grinding noises.
Involuntary spasms of tiny muscles located within the middle ear, known as middle ear myoclonus, can also produce clicking or thumping sounds. The tensor tympani and stapedius muscles are normally involved in protecting the ear from loud noises and stabilizing the ossicles. When these muscles contract uncontrollably, they generate rapid, repetitive clicking or thumping noises.
An accumulation of earwax can lead to clicking sensations. If earwax becomes excessive or hardens, its movement against the eardrum can create subtle clicking or rustling sounds. This is more noticeable when moving the head or jaw, as the motion can cause the cerumen to shift.
Rapid changes in atmospheric pressure, such as those experienced during air travel, scuba diving, or riding in elevators, can also induce temporary ear clicking. As external pressure changes, the Eustachian tube works to equalize the pressure within the middle ear. The clicking or popping sound occurs as the tube opens to allow air in or out, preventing a feeling of fullness or discomfort.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Consult a healthcare professional if ear clicking persists for an extended period or worsens over time. If the clicking becomes more frequent, intense, or does not resolve on its own, a medical evaluation determines the underlying cause. Continued or increasing auditory disturbances require attention to rule out more significant issues.
Seeking medical advice is also recommended if ear clicking is accompanied by other concerning symptoms. These can include ear pain, a sensation of spinning or unsteadiness (vertigo), a noticeable decrease in hearing, or persistent ringing in the ears (tinnitus). The presence of ear discharge or any signs of facial weakness alongside the clicking also indicates a need for prompt medical assessment.
When ear clicking significantly interferes with daily activities or causes considerable distress, professional guidance is recommended. If the sounds are disruptive to sleep, concentration, or social interactions, a doctor identifies solutions. Addressing the impact on quality of life is a valid reason to seek medical intervention.
A history of head trauma, acoustic injury from loud noise exposure, or recent ear surgery should prompt a medical consultation if ear clicking develops afterward. These events can lead to structural changes or damage that manifest as auditory symptoms. Providing a complete medical history assists in accurate diagnosis.
Addressing Ear Clicking
Self-Care Techniques
For common, benign causes of ear clicking, several self-care techniques alleviate the sensation. Yawning widely, chewing gum, or swallowing repeatedly encourage the Eustachian tubes to open and equalize pressure within the middle ear. These simple actions provide temporary relief for pressure-related clicking.
Valsalva Maneuver
The Valsalva maneuver is another technique that aids in pressure equalization. This involves taking a deep breath, pinching the nostrils shut, and gently attempting to exhale with the mouth closed. The increased pressure forces open the Eustachian tubes, resulting in a pop and relief from clicking.
Over-the-Counter Medications
Over-the-counter decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine, or antihistamines like loratadine, are helpful if Eustachian tube dysfunction is related to colds or allergies. These medications work by reducing swelling in the nasal passages, which indirectly help the Eustachian tubes function more effectively. Always use these medications as directed and consult a pharmacist or doctor regarding their suitability.
Warm Compress
Applying a warm compress to the jaw area provides comfort if the ear clicking is associated with temporomandibular joint discomfort. The warmth relaxes the muscles around the TMJ, reducing tension that contributes to jaw-related sounds. This is a soothing measure for mild jaw stiffness or soreness.
Professional Medical Interventions
When professional medical help is sought for ear clicking, a doctor performs an examination of the ear, jaw, or throat. For persistent Eustachian tube dysfunction, medical interventions include prescribed nasal sprays to reduce inflammation or oral medications. In rare, severe cases, a minor surgical procedure to insert a small tube into the eardrum ventilates the middle ear.
TMJ and Earwax Management
Treatment for TMJ-related clicking involves dental splints or mouthguards to alleviate pressure on the joint, physical therapy exercises to improve jaw function, or pain management strategies. If earwax buildup is determined to be the cause, a healthcare professional safely removes the excess cerumen using specialized tools or irrigation.
Addressing Other Conditions
Should the clicking be a symptom of a less common or more serious underlying condition, treatment will focus on addressing that specific root cause.