Diarrhea is a common digestive issue, and many people experience an uncomfortable burning sensation along with it. The discomfort arises from a combination of factors related to the digestive process and the body’s response to irritation.
The Science Behind the Burning Sensation
The burning sensation stems from the rapid transit of digestive contents. Normally, food moves through the digestive tract at a controlled pace, allowing for the absorption and neutralization of substances. During diarrhea, this process accelerates, often due to increased motility or fluid secretion.
When digestive contents move rapidly, stomach acid and bile salts, normally neutralized further along the digestive tract, remain present in the stool. Bile aids in fat digestion and mixes with stomach acid and enzymes in the small intestine. If not fully reabsorbed, this acidic and bile-rich fluid can irritate the sensitive skin around the anus. Additionally, digestive enzymes like lipase and protease, designed to break down food, may also pass through undigested. These enzymes, when in high concentrations, can directly damage and irritate the perianal skin.
How Skin Reacts to Irritation
The perianal skin is delicate and prone to inflammation when exposed to the harsh chemical irritants present in diarrheal stool, such as stomach acids, bile salts, and digestive enzymes. The continuous contact with moisture from frequent, loose bowel movements further compromises the skin’s natural protective barrier.
Repeated wiping, even with soft materials, introduces friction and physical trauma to this already compromised skin. This combination of chemical irritation, excessive moisture, and friction breaks down the skin’s outer layer, leading to redness, inflammation, and the burning sensation. In some cases, the skin may even develop small tears or abrasions, intensifying the discomfort.
Soothing and Preventing Discomfort
Alleviating the burning sensation involves gentle care and protection of the perianal skin. After each bowel movement, cleaning the area gently with lukewarm water instead of harsh soaps or vigorous wiping. Patting the area dry with a soft cloth or allowing it to air-dry helps avoid further friction and moisture. Avoiding wipes containing alcohol, fragrances, or other chemicals prevents additional irritation.
Applying a barrier cream or ointment provides a protective layer over the skin, shielding it from irritants in the stool. Products containing zinc oxide or petroleum jelly are commonly used for this purpose. These creams help to soothe inflammation and promote healing. Soaking in a warm sitz bath also offers significant relief by cleansing the area and reducing discomfort. Staying adequately hydrated during diarrhea, and addressing the underlying cause, helps resolve the burning.