Termites are social insects living in organized colonies. Winged termites are sometimes observed, raising questions about their purpose and why they shed these temporary structures. This behavior offers insight into their life cycle and colony expansion.
The Role of Winged Termites
Winged termites, also known as alates or swarmers, are the reproductive members of a termite colony. Their role is to leave their parent colony to reproduce and establish new ones. The existing colony produces these alates when it reaches sufficient size and maturity. They undertake a dispersal flight, also known as a nuptial flight, to find mates from different colonies, ensuring genetic diversity.
The Act of Shedding Wings
Wing shedding occurs after alates complete their swarming flight and find a suitable environment and mate. Termites shed their wings by breaking them off along specific weak points or suture lines located at the base. This natural process signals the conclusion of their aerial dispersal phase. Discarded wings are often found near windows, doorways, or light fixtures, serving as a visible indication of recent swarming activity.
The Purpose Behind Wing Shedding
Shedding wings marks a transition for termites, moving them from a flying reproductive role to that of a subterranean colony founder. Once a male and female have paired and landed, their wings are no longer necessary for flight and would instead become an impediment. These wings would hinder their ability to dig tunnels and navigate through the soil and wood, actions that are necessary for establishing a new nest. By shedding their wings, termites conserve energy, redirecting resources towards excavating a royal chamber and initiating egg production for their new colony.
Life After Wing Shedding
After shedding their wings, the now wingless male and female, who will become the king and queen of a new colony, begin to work cooperatively. They search for a suitable nesting site, preferring moist soil or wood. Once a favorable spot is found, they burrow and excavate a small chamber, which will serve as the initial nursery for their new colony. The queen then lays her first batch of eggs, initiating the growth of the new termite population, with the king caring for the young until the first worker termites emerge.