Teething marks a normal developmental stage when a baby’s first teeth begin to emerge through the gums. This process typically starts around 6 months of age, though it can vary from 3 months to over a year, with most children having all their primary teeth by age three. During this time, parents might observe increased drooling, fussiness, and a tendency for the baby to chew on objects.
The Link Between Teething and Fever
While many parents associate teething with fever, scientific consensus clarifies that teething generally does not cause high fevers. Teething can lead to a slight elevation in body temperature, typically below 100.4°F (38°C). Temperatures at or above 100.4°F are usually indicative of an underlying illness or infection rather than solely teething. It is important not to attribute higher fevers to teething alone, as this could delay necessary medical attention for other conditions.
Why Teething Can Cause Discomfort
The discomfort associated with teething stems from the physiological process of a tooth pushing through the gum tissue. As a tooth erupts, it causes inflammation and pressure on the sensitive gum area. This localized irritation can lead to the release of inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins, which contribute to the pain. The gums become sore and tender, and the emerging tooth can stimulate nerves, sending pain signals that cause irritability and fussiness. Sometimes, small fluid-filled sacs called eruption cysts may form on the gum surface, adding to the discomfort.
When to Seek Medical Advice
It is important to understand when a fever during teething warrants a doctor’s visit, as a high temperature is likely not solely due to teething. For infants under 3 months, any fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher requires immediate medical attention. For babies aged 3 to 6 months, consult a doctor if the temperature is 100.4°F or higher and the baby seems unwell, or if the temperature reaches 102°F (39°C) or higher. For babies 6 to 24 months old, seek medical advice if a temperature above 100.4°F (38°C) lasts longer than one day, especially if accompanied by other symptoms.
Other concerning symptoms that, when present with a fever, suggest an illness rather than just teething include severe diarrhea, vomiting, a rash, coughing, or difficulty breathing. Lethargy, refusal to eat or drink, or inconsolable crying also indicate a need for medical evaluation.
Comforting a Teething Baby
To help alleviate a baby’s teething discomfort, several practical methods can be employed. Gently massage the baby’s gums with a clean finger or wet gauze to provide pressure and ease discomfort. Offering chilled (but not frozen) teething rings, pacifiers, or wet washcloths can soothe sore gums. For babies old enough for solids, cool foods like applesauce or chilled soft fruits in a mesh feeder can offer relief.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as infant acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can be considered for significant discomfort, following appropriate dosage and age guidelines. Always consult a pediatrician before administering medication, especially for babies under two years old.
Beyond physical remedies, comforting techniques such as extra cuddles, gentle rocking, and distraction with toys or activities can help a fussy baby feel more secure and less distressed.