Common Types of Eyelid Bumps
Eyelid bumps present in various forms, each with distinct characteristics and underlying causes.
A stye, also known as a hordeolum, is a common bacterial infection affecting an oil gland (Meibomian gland) or a hair follicle (Zeis or Moll gland) along the eyelid margin. It often appears as a red, tender, and painful lump, much like a small pimple, and may contain pus. The acute inflammation typically resolves within a week to 10 days.
Following a stye, or sometimes developing independently, a chalazion can form. This is a non-infectious, typically painless lump that occurs when a Meibomian gland becomes blocked and its oily secretions accumulate, leading to chronic inflammation. Chalazia are generally firmer than styes and usually develop further back on the eyelid, away from the edge.
Milia are tiny, white, pearly cysts that frequently appear on the skin surface, including around the eyelids. These harmless bumps are formed when keratin, a skin protein, becomes trapped beneath the skin’s outer layer. They are typically small, measuring 1 to 2 millimeters in diameter, and do not cause pain or discomfort.
Another type of eyelid bump is xanthelasma, which appears as yellowish, soft plaques. These benign growths result from cholesterol deposits accumulating under the skin, most commonly on or around the eyelids, particularly near the inner corner. Xanthelasma are typically flat or slightly raised and do not usually affect vision or cause pain.
Papillomas are benign growths that resemble small skin tags or warts, often appearing on the eyelid or its margin. They are typically flesh-colored, though they can sometimes be darker, and may have a stalk-like base. While generally harmless, their size or location might sometimes interfere with vision or cause irritation.
Home Care for Eyelid Bumps
For many common eyelid bumps, especially styes and chalazia, consistent home care can help manage symptoms and promote drainage, often without medical intervention.
Applying warm compresses is a primary home care strategy, especially for styes and chalazia. A clean washcloth soaked in warm (not hot) water can be gently placed over the closed eyelid for 10 to 15 minutes, several times a day. The warmth helps to soften the hardened secretions within blocked glands, encouraging natural drainage and reducing discomfort.
Maintaining good eyelid hygiene is also important to prevent irritation and complications. Avoid rubbing or squeezing the bump, as this can worsen inflammation or spread infection. Refrain from wearing eye makeup and contact lenses until the bump resolves to prevent further irritation and contamination.
When to See a Doctor
While many eyelid bumps are benign and manageable with home care, certain signs indicate the need for professional medical evaluation. Recognizing these warning signs ensures proper diagnosis and timely intervention.
Consult a doctor if an eyelid bump does not show signs of improvement after several days of consistent home care, or if symptoms worsen. Increasing pain, redness, or swelling that spreads beyond the immediate area of the bump are concerning indicators. Any changes in vision, such as blurriness or obstruction, also warrant immediate medical attention.
Frequent recurrence of eyelid bumps, even if they resolve with home care, should be discussed with a healthcare professional. Any bump with an unusual appearance, such as being very hard, bleeding, rapidly changing in size or color, or having an irregular shape, requires prompt evaluation for a potentially more serious underlying condition.