Feeling a bump on or around your eye can be a concerning experience. While many such bumps are benign and resolve on their own, understanding the various possibilities can provide clarity and peace of mind. The eyelids and eye surface are delicate areas where different types of growths can appear. This overview aims to shed light on common and less common eye bumps.
Common Eyelid Bumps
Styes and chalazia are frequently encountered eyelid bumps that often present similarly but have distinct underlying causes. A stye is an acute bacterial infection of an oil gland within the eyelid or an eyelash hair follicle. This infection results in a red, tender, and painful bump. Styes can occur on the outer edge of the eyelid near the eyelashes (external stye) or on the inner surface of the eyelid (internal stye).
A stye typically lasts for a few days to a week or two, often resolving without specific medical intervention. In contrast, a chalazion is a non-infectious lump that forms when a meibomian gland, an oil-producing gland within the eyelid, becomes blocked. Chalazia often develop slowly and are painless, though they can sometimes be red or mildly tender in their initial stages. A chalazion may sometimes follow a stye if the infection leads to persistent blockage.
For both styes and chalazia, applying warm compresses is a common self-care measure. This involves holding a clean, warm, moist cloth on the affected eyelid for 5 to 10 minutes, several times a day. The heat helps to soften the contents of the blocked gland, promoting drainage and reducing inflammation. Avoid squeezing or trying to pop these bumps, as this can spread infection or cause further damage.
Other Eyelid Bumps
Beyond styes and chalazia, other types of bumps can appear on the eyelid. Milia are small, white or yellowish, pearl-like cysts that form when dead skin cells or keratin become trapped under the skin’s surface. These tiny bumps are harmless and often appear in clusters around the eyes, nose, and cheeks. Milia can affect people of all ages, though they are common in newborns.
Xanthelasma presents as yellowish, often flat or slightly raised, fatty deposits on or around the eyelids, frequently appearing symmetrically on both eyes. These deposits are cholesterol accumulations under the skin and are usually painless. While benign, xanthelasma can sometimes indicate elevated cholesterol levels or other underlying metabolic conditions, such as diabetes or thyroid issues.
Eyelid cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop on the eyelid due to blocked ducts of oil-producing glands. These cysts are painless unless they become inflamed or infected, in which case they may become red, tender, and swollen. Skin tags are small, benign growths of skin that can appear on the eyelid. These fleshy, often stalk-like growths are harmless and do not cause symptoms, though they may be removed for cosmetic reasons or if they cause irritation.
Bumps on the Eye Surface
Growths can also appear on the white part of the eye, known as the conjunctiva, and are distinct from eyelid bumps. A pinguecula is a yellowish, slightly raised patch or bump located on the conjunctiva, typically on the side of the eye closer to the nose. This benign growth is often linked to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, wind, and dust. Pingueculae do not grow onto the cornea and do not affect vision, though they can cause irritation, dryness, or a gritty sensation.
A pterygium, sometimes called “surfer’s eye,” is a fleshy, triangular growth of conjunctival tissue that can start as a pinguecula. A key distinction is that a pterygium can extend from the conjunctiva onto the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. Like pingueculae, pterygia are associated with exposure to UV light, wind, and dust. If a pterygium grows large enough to cover a significant portion of the cornea, it can distort the shape of the cornea and potentially impair vision.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many eye bumps are harmless and resolve on their own, certain signs indicate that professional medical evaluation is advisable. Seek attention from an eye doctor or general practitioner if a bump on your eyelid or eye surface persists for more than a week or two, or if it continues to grow in size. Persistent or worsening pain and discomfort, especially if it does not improve with at-home care, warrants a visit.
Any changes in your vision, such as blurriness or increased sensitivity to light, are warning signs. If you notice redness or swelling spreading beyond the immediate area of the bump, or if there is any pus or discharge from the eye, it suggests an infection requiring medical intervention. You should also seek medical attention for:
An eyelid that is swollen shut
Blistering on the eyelid
Fever or chills
A bump that interferes with blinking or eye movement
Frequent, recurring bumps
A medical professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.