Orthodontic elastics are a common component in braces treatment, serving as an effective tool to correct various bite issues and align teeth. While these small rubber bands are effective in guiding teeth into their proper positions, they often cause discomfort. Soreness is common, especially when elastics are first applied or changed. This temporary pain is a common part of the orthodontic process, and understanding its origins can help manage expectations.
How Elastics Move Teeth and Cause Discomfort
Orthodontic elastics work by applying continuous, gentle force to the teeth, gradually guiding them into their new positions. This force is transmitted through the tissue surrounding the tooth root, the periodontal ligament. This ligament is rich in nerve endings, which become compressed and stimulated as teeth move.
The body responds to this sustained pressure with a localized inflammatory process. This involves the release of chemical mediators like prostaglandins, contributing to pain and soreness. This inflammatory response triggers bone remodeling, where old bone is removed by osteoclasts and new bone is formed by osteoblasts. This bone remodeling allows the teeth to move through the jawbone, and the associated inflammation is a necessary part of this biological adaptation.
Why Elastic Pain Varies
Discomfort from orthodontic elastics varies among individuals. Pain is most pronounced when elastics are first applied or new, stronger ones are introduced. This is because teeth and surrounding tissues adapt to a new force, leading to peak soreness typically within 24-48 hours, which then gradually subsides over three to seven days.
Individual pain perception is subjective. Factors like pain threshold, previous pain experiences, and stress levels can influence how discomfort is perceived. The type of tooth movement required, such as jaw alignment corrections, can also be more uncomfortable. Inconsistent wear of elastics can also lead to repeated cycles of pain, as teeth are constantly forced to re-adapt, prolonging the adjustment period. Existing oral health issues like canker sores or gum irritation can also exacerbate discomfort from elastics and braces.
Strategies for Pain Relief
Several strategies can help manage discomfort from orthodontic elastics. Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen can reduce pain and inflammation. Acetaminophen also helps with pain without affecting inflammation. It is often recommended to take these medications before anticipated pain, such as before an orthodontist appointment or when new elastics are placed.
Applying cold compresses or ice packs to the cheeks can help numb the area and reduce swelling and inflammation. A soft food diet minimizes chewing discomfort, especially during the initial days of soreness. Foods like mashed potatoes, yogurt, smoothies, and soups are gentle on sensitive teeth.
Warm saltwater rinses soothe irritated gums and mouth sores. Mix about half a teaspoon of salt in warm water and swish for 30 seconds to reduce inflammation and provide antiseptic benefits. Orthodontic wax creates a smooth barrier between irritating brackets or wires and mouth tissues, preventing friction and allowing irritated areas to heal. It is also important to wear elastics consistently, as this allows teeth to adapt more smoothly to the forces, which can reduce overall discomfort and prevent repeated “shock” from intermittent use. If severe or persistent pain occurs, or if braces components are broken, communicate with your orthodontist for further guidance or necessary adjustments.