When a whale dies, its immense body can pose hazards, whether at sea or ashore. While natural, their presence near human activity requires careful management. Understanding these risks is important for public safety.
Internal Gas Buildup
A significant danger from dead whales arises from internal gas buildup during decomposition. After a whale dies, bacteria break down tissues and organs, generating various gases, including methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
The thick blubber and skin trap these gases, leading to immense pressure within the carcass. This internal pressure can cause the whale’s body to bloat considerably. If the pressure becomes too great, the carcass can spontaneously rupture or explode, scattering biological material and releasing a potent, unpleasant odor.
Pathogen Exposure
Beyond the physical danger of rupture, dead whales present biological hazards due to pathogen proliferation. Decomposing whale carcasses become breeding grounds for a variety of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Many of these microorganisms can cause zoonotic diseases, meaning they are transmissible from animals to humans.
Direct contact with the carcass, its fluids, or tissues can expose individuals to these harmful agents. Inhaling airborne particles from the decaying matter, particularly hydrogen sulfide, can also lead to symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, and respiratory problems.
Luring Dangerous Wildlife
The presence of a dead whale acts as an attractant for scavengers and predators, increasing risks in the surrounding area. The large, nutrient-rich carcass provides an accessible food source, drawing animals like sharks closer to shorelines or boating channels.
Sharks can exhibit more erratic behavior when a whale carcass is nearby. This heightened predatory activity poses an increased risk to swimmers, surfers, and boaters. Even after a carcass is removed, the lingering scent can cause sharks to remain in the vicinity for some time.
Encountering a Stranded Whale
If you encounter a dead whale, whether floating or stranded on a beach, prioritize safety. Do not approach, touch, or interact with the carcass. Maintain a safe distance, generally at least 50 to 150 feet (approximately 15 to 45 meters), to avoid physical hazards or pathogen exposure.
Report the sighting immediately to the appropriate authorities. In the United States, contact your local marine mammal stranding network or federal agencies like NOAA Fisheries. When reporting, provide as much detail as possible, including the exact location, the whale’s condition (dead or alive, estimated size, species if known, and level of decomposition), and any unusual markings or entanglements. These professionals are equipped to handle the situation safely, conduct assessments, and arrange for removal or disposal.