Small bumps on nipples are common and a normal part of breast anatomy. Their presence is usually a typical feature rather than a cause for concern, contributing to the overall structure and function of the breast.
What Are These Bumps?
The small, raised bumps seen on and around the nipples are primarily Montgomery glands, also known as areolar glands or tubercles of Montgomery. These are sebaceous glands located on the areola, the darker skin surrounding the nipple, and sometimes directly on the nipple itself. Their appearance is often flesh-colored, though they may be slightly lighter or darker than the surrounding skin.
The number and prominence of these glands can differ significantly from person to person; some individuals might have only a few, while others may have as many as 28 on each breast. Hormonal fluctuations, such as those during puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or breastfeeding, can cause these glands to become more noticeable. For some, their increased prominence can even be an early indicator of pregnancy.
Their Natural Function
Montgomery glands serve several biological purposes, particularly related to the health of the nipple and areola. They produce an oily, protective substance called sebum, which lubricates the skin. This helps prevent dryness and cracking of the nipple and areola, especially during breastfeeding. The secretions also contain antibacterial properties, offering protection against potential infections.
Beyond lubrication and protection, these glands also play a role in infant feeding. They emit a unique scent believed to guide newborns to the breast, aiding in latching for feeding. This olfactory stimulus is particularly important in the initial days after birth, facilitating successful breastfeeding. While their function becomes more pronounced during pregnancy and lactation, Montgomery glands are present and active in all individuals, regardless of their reproductive status.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While Montgomery glands are typically benign, certain changes may indicate a need for medical evaluation. Consult a healthcare professional if there are sudden changes in the size, shape, or color of the bumps, or if you experience pain, tenderness, itching, or warmth.
Signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, pus, or discharge, warrant medical attention. Also seek advice if the bumps are accompanied by a new lump in the breast or armpit, or other breast changes like skin puckering or nipple inversion. While Montgomery glands are normal, other conditions such as clogged ducts, infections, cysts, or other skin or breast issues, can also manifest as bumps. Any persistent discomfort or unusual symptoms should be discussed with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and guidance.