Sea lions are captivating marine mammals whose name often sparks curiosity. These agile creatures inhabit coastal waters across the globe, from the subarctic to tropical regions. The name “sea lion” reflects characteristics that evoke comparisons to their terrestrial counterparts. This article explores the traits and behaviors that inspired the name, and how these animals differ from seals.
Characteristics That Inspired the Name
The “lion” in sea lion is attributed to prominent features, particularly in adult males. Many species, such as the Steller sea lion, possess a thick, hairy neck that resembles a lion’s mane. Adult male California sea lions also develop robust necks, shoulders, and a noticeable crest on their forehead, sometimes tufted with lighter hair. This bulk contributes to their imposing presence; males can be quite large, with Steller sea lions reaching up to 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) and 3 meters (10 feet) in length.
Their vocalizations also contribute to their name. Sea lions are noisy animals, emitting loud barks, growls, and roars. Males use these vocalizations to assert dominance and defend territories, especially during breeding season. Steller sea lions produce low-frequency sounds resembling a roar, while California sea lions are known for their distinct barking. Their coloration, ranging from light buff to various shades of brown, can also evoke a lion’s coat.
How Sea Lions Differ From Seals
Sea lions are often confused with seals, but key differences distinguish them. A key identifier is the presence of external ear flaps on sea lions, which true seals lack, having only small ear openings. This distinction is why sea lions and fur seals are sometimes called “eared seals.”
Their movement on land also varies significantly. Sea lions can rotate their hind flippers forward, allowing them to walk or gallop on all four flippers. In contrast, true seals cannot rotate their hind flippers, moving on land by wriggling their bodies in a caterpillar-like motion. In water, their propulsion differs; sea lions primarily use their large, strong front flippers for swimming, moving them in powerful, wing-like strokes. Seals, conversely, propel themselves using their hind flippers, which they move side-to-side.
Sea lions exhibit a more social nature than many seal species. They gather in large groups known as colonies, which can number in the thousands. This gregarious behavior leads to noisy interactions. Seals, on the other hand, are more solitary, spending most of their time alone or in smaller groups, typically only gathering in large numbers during breeding seasons.