Philodendron plants sometimes display a captivating red coloration on their leaves. This vibrant hue can be a natural characteristic, adding to the plant’s aesthetic appeal, or it can signal an underlying issue. Understanding the distinction between a healthy, naturally red leaf and one signaling distress is key to maintaining a thriving philodendron.
Understanding Red Pigmentation in Philodendrons
Red pigmentation in philodendron leaves can stem from natural processes or indicate environmental stress. Naturally, anthocyanins, pigments responsible for red, purple, and blue, often appear in new growth. Emerging leaves display a reddish tint that gradually fades to green as they mature. Adequate light can enhance this natural red pigmentation in some varieties.
Red discoloration can also signal environmental stressors. Nutrient deficiencies, such as a lack of phosphorus, can cause leaves to turn red. Temperature extremes (cold or hot) can induce red hues as a protective response. Improper watering, including overwatering and underwatering, can lead to root stress and leaf discoloration.
Excessive direct sunlight can cause sunburn, appearing as reddish-brown patches. This indicates too much intense light. Pest infestations, such as spider mites or thrips, can cause reddish discoloration as they feed on the plant’s sap. Less commonly, some diseases can also lead to leaf discoloration, usually accompanied by other symptoms like spots or wilting.
Philodendron Varieties with Naturally Red Foliage
Many philodendron varieties are cultivated for their red, bronze, or coppery tones, either in new growth or as a permanent feature. These natural colorations contribute to their ornamental value. For instance, ‘Prince of Orange’ philodendron is known for new leaves that emerge bright coppery orange before transitioning to lighter green.
‘McColley’s Finale’ features leaves that start vibrant copper-red or orange-red, deepening to burgundy before maturing into a rich green. This variety offers dynamic color changes.
Philodendron ‘Imperial Red’ showcases large, glossy leaves that unfurl in a rich, reddish-burgundy, often retaining red or purple undersides even as they mature to deep green.
Other notable varieties include ‘Autumn’, with autumnal shades, and ‘Red Emerald’, a climbing philodendron with new heart-shaped leaves that are bright wine-colored, darkening to green while stems retain a red hue. ‘Pink Princess’ philodendron, known for pink variegation, can also exhibit reddish tones, particularly on new leaves or in strongly variegated areas. ‘Rojo Congo’ is an upright variety with new leaves that emerge purple-red before maturing to dark green, often maintaining bright red stems.
Addressing Red Leaves as a Problem
When red leaves indicate a problem, adjust the care routine. If excessive direct sunlight is suspected (reddish-brown or crispy patches), move the plant to bright, indirect light. Philodendrons thrive in bright, indirect light; too much direct sun can scorch foliage.
Watering practices frequently cause discoloration. Both overwatering (leading to root rot) and underwatering stress the plant. Water philodendrons when the top inch or two of soil feels dry, ensuring adequate drainage to prevent waterlogging. Allow excess water to drain freely from the pot to prevent root issues.
Nutrient imbalances, particularly phosphorus deficiency, can cause red leaves. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) to address nutrient needs. Diluting the fertilizer to half strength is often recommended to prevent over-fertilization and root burn.
Maintain an optimal temperature range; philodendrons prefer 65°F-85°F (18°C-29°C). Protect plants from cold drafts or sudden drops, especially below 55°F (13°C), to prevent temperature-induced stress. If pests like spider mites or aphids are present (identified by webbing, tiny dots, or sticky residue), manage them by wiping leaves with rubbing alcohol, using insecticidal soap, or applying neem oil. Regular inspection helps early detection and treatment.