Crusty nipples are a common and normal physical change during pregnancy, as the body prepares for lactation. This article explains why these changes occur, offers comfort strategies, and advises when to seek medical help.
Understanding Nipple Changes During Pregnancy
Crusty nipples during pregnancy result from several biological processes. Hormonal shifts, including increases in estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin, prepare the breasts for feeding. These changes can lead to increased breast sensitivity and skin moisture alterations, causing dryness and flakiness.
A primary cause of crusting is the production and leakage of colostrum, the initial form of breast milk. This fluid, rich in nutrients and antibodies, can begin forming early in pregnancy, though leakage is more common in the second or third trimesters. When this yellowish or whitish fluid dries on the nipple and areola, it forms a crust.
Increased activity of Montgomery glands also contributes. These small, raised bumps around the areola produce an oily substance that lubricates and protects the nipple, preventing cracking and infection during breastfeeding. This natural secretion can dry and accumulate, adding to the crusty appearance. The enlargement of these glands is a normal response to hormonal changes.
Comfort and Care Strategies
Gentle care can alleviate discomfort and maintain skin health. Wash nipples with warm water to preserve the skin’s natural protective barrier. Avoid harsh soaps, which can dry out delicate skin and cause irritation. After washing, gently pat the area dry with a clean, soft towel.
Moisturizing helps soothe dryness and prevent cracking. Apply products like lanolin-based nipple creams, natural oils (e.g., coconut, olive oil), or specialized nipple balms. These keep the skin supple and reduce discomfort.
Wearing breathable, supportive bras enhances comfort. Choose bras made from natural fibers, like cotton, for better air circulation and reduced moisture buildup. If colostrum leakage is significant, use absorbent breast pads inside the bra to keep nipples dry and prevent staining. Change pads frequently to maintain hygiene and prevent irritation.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While crusty nipples are often normal, certain symptoms warrant medical attention. Consult a healthcare provider for severe pain or prolonged discomfort that doesn’t improve with gentle care.
Other concerning signs include significant redness or warmth around the nipple or areola, suggesting infection. Foul-smelling discharge or pus should also prompt evaluation. Seek professional advice promptly if you develop a fever with nipple changes.
If discharge is bloody or occurs spontaneously from only one breast, consult a healthcare provider. Though often benign, these symptoms can indicate a different condition requiring diagnosis. Persistent itching or a rash not responding to self-care also warrants assessment.