Cassowaries are large, striking birds found in the tropical forests of New Guinea and northeastern Australia. These flightless birds have earned a reputation as some of the most formidable animals in their native habitats. While generally shy, they are capable of inflicting serious injuries if provoked. This has led to their designation as one of the world’s most dangerous birds, prompting caution when in their environment.
Physical Characteristics
Southern cassowaries, the most common species, can stand between 1.5 to 1.8 meters tall, with some females reaching up to 2 meters. They are also substantial in weight, typically around 58.5 kilograms, making them the third-tallest and second-heaviest living birds. Their powerful legs are notable, enabling them to run at speeds up to 50 kilometers per hour through dense forest. These strong legs are also used to deliver powerful kicks as a defensive mechanism.
Each of the cassowary’s three toes features sharp claws, with the inner toe sporting a dagger-like claw that can measure up to 125 millimeters long. This elongated claw allows the bird to slice and puncture threats effectively. A distinctive bony growth, known as a casque, sits atop the cassowary’s head. While its exact function remains a subject of ongoing discussion.
Triggers for Aggression
Cassowaries are generally solitary and shy birds, yet specific circumstances can provoke aggressive behaviors. Their territorial nature is a factor in aggression, as both males and females maintain distinct home ranges, which males will fiercely defend, especially during breeding season. Attacks frequently occur when cassowaries feel threatened or cornered, leading them to lash out in self-defense.
Defense of their young is a trigger for aggression. Male cassowaries, who primarily incubate eggs and rear chicks, protect their offspring from perceived threats, including humans. A study from 2003 indicated that 7% of documented attacks involved the defense of chicks or eggs.
Habituation to human feeding is a major cause of aggressive encounters. This practice alters their natural foraging behaviors, making them bold and associating humans with a food source. When expected food is not provided, or if they are approached, these habituated birds can become demanding and aggressive, with 75% of attacks on humans in the 2003 study linked to cassowaries that had previously been fed.
Avoiding Encounters
To avoid encounters with cassowaries, maintaining a respectful distance is important; approaching these birds, particularly an adult with chicks, significantly increases the risk of an aggressive response. It is important never to feed cassowaries, intentionally or unintentionally, as this habituates them to human presence and can lead to dangerous interactions. Securing all food and rubbish properly in their environment helps prevent them from associating humans with food.
If an encounter with a cassowary occurs, remain calm.
- Face the bird directly and never turn your back, as running away can trigger a chase, and cassowaries are capable of outrunning humans.
- Slowly back away while keeping eye contact.
- Place a physical barrier, such as a tree, a backpack, or a vehicle, between yourself and the bird.
- If carrying food, conceal or place it out of sight.
- Do not crouch down or curl into a ball, as this can make you more vulnerable to their powerful kicks.