Crows and ravens, often confused due to their similar all-black plumage and intelligent behaviors, are distinct species. While they share a striking resemblance, understanding their differences involves specific physical attributes and characteristic behaviors.
The Size Difference
Ravens are consistently larger than crows, a primary distinguishing factor. A common raven typically measures 22 to 27 inches (56 to 69 cm) in length, with an impressive wingspan ranging from 45 to 59 inches (115 to 150 cm). These larger birds also weigh significantly more, generally between 24 to 70 ounces (0.7 to 2 kg).
In contrast, the American crow is a more modest size, with a body length of 16 to 21 inches (40 to 53 cm). Their wingspan usually extends from 33 to 39 inches (85 to 100 cm). Crows are also lighter, with an average weight of 11 to 22 ounces (316 to 620 grams). While judging size in isolation can be challenging, an overall bulkier appearance and longer wings can suggest a raven.
Beyond Size: Other Distinguishing Features
Beyond their difference in size, several other observable traits can help differentiate ravens from crows. One notable distinction lies in their beaks; ravens possess a larger, thicker, and more robust beak compared to the crow’s slightly smaller and straighter bill. Ravens also have shaggy throat feathers, known as hackles, which are typically visible, especially at close range.
Their tails offer another clear visual cue, particularly when the birds are in flight. A raven’s tail is wedge-shaped, appearing somewhat pointed or diamond-like when spread. Conversely, a crow’s tail is fan-shaped, with feathers of relatively even length. Observing the tail shape during flight is a reliable method for identification.
Flight patterns also vary between the two species. Ravens often engage in soaring and gliding, utilizing air currents much like hawks. Their wingbeats are typically slower and deeper. Crows, however, are characterized by more continuous and shallower wing flapping during flight, rarely soaring for extended periods.
Vocalizations provide another distinct identifier. Ravens produce a deep, guttural croaking sound, sometimes described as a “gronk-gronk” or “caw-caw.” Crows, on the other hand, are known for their classic, higher-pitched “caw-caw” call. Their social behaviors also differ; ravens are often seen alone or in pairs, while crows tend to congregate in larger groups.
Are Crows and Ravens Related?
Despite their differences, crows and ravens share a close biological relationship. Both belong to the genus Corvus, which encompasses a diverse group of all-black birds. This genus is part of the larger Corvidae family.
The Corvidae family includes other intelligent birds such as jays, magpies, and rooks. Their shared classification within this family explains many of their common characteristics, including their intelligence and adaptability.