Ipecac syrup, derived from the dried roots of the Carapichea ipecacuanha plant native to Central and South America, contains emetine and cephaeline. Historically prepared as a syrup with glycerin, sugar, and methylparaben, ipecac was recognized for its emetic properties, inducing rapid vomiting. It also had historical use as an expectorant in cough mixtures.
Ipecac’s Past Role and Changing Medical Views
Ipecac syrup was once a common fixture in U.S. household medicine cabinets, recommended for accidental poisonings. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved its over-the-counter sale in 1965, making it readily available. Leading medical organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC), supported its use.
A shift in medical consensus began in the late 1990s, questioning ipecac’s effectiveness and safety. Studies revealed ipecac-induced vomiting removed highly variable and incomplete amounts of ingested substances. Its delayed onset, typically 20 to 30 minutes, meant significant absorption of toxic substances could occur before vomiting.
Medical organizations revised recommendations, advising against ipecac’s routine use. The American Academy of Pediatrics issued new guidelines in 2003, advising parents to discontinue its use and dispose of existing supplies. This change stemmed from a lack of evidence that ipecac improved outcomes. Concerns included aspiration pneumonia and potential interference with more effective treatments like activated charcoal.
Why Ipecac Is No Longer Found on Store Shelves
Ipecac syrup disappeared from retail shelves as medical recommendations changed. With expert consensus shifting away from its use, manufacturers began to discontinue production. Humco and Paddock Laboratories, the last two companies, ceased production around 2010.
Pharmacies stopped stocking the product, reflecting its removal from recommended first-aid protocols. Its absence from the market is a deliberate decision based on evolving medical understanding, raw material shortages or production issues.
Ipecac is generally not prescribed or recommended for poisoning. While the FDA considered allowing its sale with prominent labeling, its minimal relevance in modern emergency care means use is largely discouraged. Efforts to locate ipecac syrup will be unsuccessful due to widespread discontinuation and the medical community’s updated stance.
Responding to Suspected Poisoning: What to Do Instead
In cases of suspected poisoning, contact trained professionals immediately. Call national Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222 in the United States, or 911 if the person is unconscious, not breathing, or having seizures. This toll-free number connects callers directly to their local poison center, where experts provide tailored, evidence-based advice 24/7.
When contacting Poison Control or emergency services, provide details: person’s age and weight, health conditions, specific product involved, how it was ingested (e.g., swallowed, inhaled, skin contact), and the approximate time and amount of exposure. Having the product label readily available provides important information. These professionals can assess the situation and guide interventions, potentially preventing an emergency room visit.
Avoid attempting to induce vomiting without professional medical advice. Self-induced vomiting, or using unverified home remedies, can cause more harm than good. Vomiting can lead to aspiration, where stomach contents enter the lungs, causing injury, or chemical burns to the throat and mouth if corrosive. Inducing vomiting can also delay more effective treatments.