Tennis elbow, medically known as lateral epicondylitis, is an overuse injury that affects the tendons on the outside of the elbow. It causes pain and tenderness, often stemming from repetitive motions involving the wrist and forearm, such as gripping or twisting actions. A brace for tennis elbow aims to manage these symptoms by providing support to the affected area and reducing the strain on the inflamed tendons, which can help alleviate discomfort and facilitate healing.
Understanding Brace Placement for Tennis Elbow
The effectiveness of a tennis elbow brace largely depends on its precise placement. The brace should be worn on the forearm, a few inches below the elbow joint, rather than directly on the elbow itself. It is positioned about 1 to 2 inches below the elbow crease, on the fleshy part of the forearm muscles.
This strategic placement creates a counterforce, which is a mechanism for pain relief. By applying pressure to the forearm muscles, such as the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon, the brace helps to absorb and disperse the forces that would otherwise directly stress the inflamed tendons at their attachment point on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. This dispersion of pressure reduces the tension and strain on the injured elbow tendons, allowing them to rest and encouraging the healing process.
Types of Braces and Their Function
Two primary types of braces are commonly used for tennis elbow: counterforce braces and compression sleeves. Each offers distinct mechanisms of support and pain reduction.
Counterforce braces, often referred to as tennis elbow straps, are designed as a band or strap with a pad that wraps around the forearm. These braces work by applying targeted circumferential pressure to the forearm muscles, just below the elbow joint. This pressure helps to restrict the full expansion of the extensor muscles during contraction, thereby reducing the pull and tension on the tendons at their attachment site on the elbow bone.
Compression sleeves provide a more general, diffuse support to the entire elbow area. These sleeves offer warmth and compression, which can contribute to pain relief and help reduce swelling in the joint. While compression sleeves do not provide the same targeted counterforce as a strap, they can be beneficial for overall elbow support.
Proper Brace Application and Usage Tips
Correct application of a tennis elbow brace is important for both effectiveness and comfort. The brace should be snug enough to provide support and apply pressure, but it should not be overly tight to the point of restricting circulation, causing tingling, pain, or discoloration in the hand or arm. A general guideline is that two fingers should be able to fit comfortably underneath the tightened strap.
When applying a counterforce brace, ensure the cushioned pad is positioned directly over the muscle belly of the forearm extensors, on the outside of the forearm, about 1 to 2 inches below the elbow crease. Test the brace by performing activities that cause pain; if pain is noticeably reduced, the brace is likely in the correct position. Adjustments can be made by slightly moving the brace up or down the forearm to find the most comfortable and effective spot.
Braces are worn during activities that aggravate the condition, such as repetitive tasks or sports. Continuous wear, especially during rest or sleep, may hinder natural healing or lead to muscle weakening. Remove the brace when the activity is complete to allow the arm to rest. For specific guidance on duration and frequency of wear, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable. Regular cleaning of the brace with mild soap and warm water, followed by air drying, helps maintain hygiene and prolong its lifespan.