Common loons are distinctive waterbirds known for their haunting calls across northern lakes. They spend most of their lives on water, relying on specific conditions for successful nesting and raising their young.
Preferred Habitats
Loons predominantly choose large, clear freshwater lakes and ponds for breeding. These expansive water bodies provide ample space for their unique take-off, which requires a long stretch of water to gain momentum. High water clarity is favored, as loons are visual hunters relying on clear water to spot fish, their primary food source. While large lakes are preferred, loons may use smaller ones, with nests documented on bodies of water as small as 10 acres, though they typically prefer lakes larger than 25 acres. An abundant fish population is crucial, ensuring a reliable food supply for adults and chicks throughout the breeding season.
Characteristics of Nest Sites
Within preferred habitats, loons select nest sites offering security and easy access to water. They often choose islands, floating bogs, muskrat houses, or dense shoreline vegetation. These locations protect from land-based predators like raccoons and foxes, which struggle to reach nests surrounded by water. Nests are situated very close to the water’s edge, allowing loons to quickly slip into the water if threatened, given their limited mobility on land.
Nest sites are frequently found in sheltered areas like coves or bays, protecting them from strong winds and wave action. These spots often have shallow water adjacent to the nest, transitioning quickly to deeper areas. This allows loons to approach and depart discreetly and provides a rapid escape route. Natural vegetation around the nest also provides concealment from aerial predators and human disturbance.
Nest Construction and Materials
Loons construct nests on the ground or floating vegetation. The male often selects the site, and both parents build the structure over approximately a week. Nests are not elaborate, typically forming a shallow depression or bulky mound.
They use readily available materials found around the water’s edge, including decaying vegetation like sedges, grasses, mosses, mud, and small sticks. The finished nest, about 22 inches wide, blends with the environment, appearing as a clump of dead plant material. Some pairs may reuse and refurbish old nest sites in subsequent years.
Protecting Nesting Areas
Loon nesting areas are sensitive to disturbance, making their protection important for the species’ success. Human activities like boating, shoreline development, and recreational noise can disrupt nesting behaviors. When disturbed, incubating loons may flush from their nests, leaving eggs vulnerable to predators or harsh weather.
To safeguard loon nests, maintain a distance of 200 to 500 feet from active sites. Boaters and paddlers should reduce speed and wake in areas with loon activity, avoiding loud noises. Respecting posted signs and observing loons from a distance, ideally with binoculars, helps ensure they can successfully raise their young.