Angelfish, belonging to the Pterophyllum genus, are distinctive freshwater fish recognized by their disc-like bodies and long, flowing, triangular fins. Their unique shape and calm swimming patterns have made them a popular choice for aquariums globally, admired for their graceful appearance.
Wild Habitats of Angelfish
Angelfish originate from the tropical freshwater rivers of South America, primarily inhabiting the Amazon River basin and its extensive network of tributaries. Their natural distribution spans countries such as Peru, Colombia, Brazil, French Guiana, and Guyana, including rivers like the Ucayali, Solimões, Amapá, Oyapock, and Essequibo. They are found in areas characterized by quiet, slow-moving waters, such as floodplains, swamps, and lagoons. These environments often feature dense aquatic vegetation, submerged roots, and fallen trees, which provide abundant cover and dim lighting conditions.
The water parameters in their wild habitats are warm, ranging from 24°C to 30°C (75°F to 86°F). The pH levels are slightly acidic to neutral, between 6.0 and 7.0. Water hardness in these regions is soft, falling within a range of 3 to 10 dH (54 to 145 ppm). The presence of leaf litter and driftwood is common, contributing to the subdued light and water chemistry.
Replicating Their Environment in Aquariums
Recreating the natural habitat of angelfish in an aquarium begins with appropriate tank size. Due to their tall, laterally compressed bodies and long fins, angelfish require vertical swimming space, making taller aquariums preferable to long, shallow ones. A minimum tank size of 20 gallons is suitable for a single angelfish, but a group of four or more requires a tank of 55 gallons or larger.
Maintaining specific water parameters includes keeping the temperature between 25.5°C and 29°C (78°F and 84°F). The pH level should remain slightly acidic to neutral, ideally between 6.5 and 7.8, with stability. Good filtration and regular water changes of 10% weekly or 25% bi-weekly maintain water quality and reduce toxins.
Aquarium decorations should provide both open swimming areas and ample hiding spots. Tall, broad-leaved plants like Amazon swords, Java fern, Anubias, and Water sprite are choices, as are floating plants like Hornwort, which offer shaded areas and cover. Driftwood, especially angled vertically, and smooth-surfaced substrate such as sand or fine gravel, contribute to a naturalistic setup.
When selecting tank mates, choose peaceful species that thrive in similar conditions, such as gouramis, Corydoras catfish, plecos, mollies, dwarf cichlids like Ram cichlids, and certain tetras like Black Skirt Tetras or Rummy Nose Tetras. Fish known to nip fins (e.g., some barb species) or very small fish that could be seen as prey should be avoided.