Testosterone is a hormone present in both men and women, though levels are significantly higher in men. Produced primarily in the testicles, it plays a foundational role in male development. It contributes to the formation of male reproductive tissues and the emergence of secondary sexual characteristics like increased muscle mass, bone density, and body hair growth.
Beyond these roles, testosterone influences broader aspects of health and well-being. It impacts mood, cognitive function, fat distribution, red blood cell production, and overall energy and metabolism.
Recognizing Potential Low Levels
Signs and symptoms can suggest lower than optimal testosterone levels. Common indicators include a reduced sex drive and difficulties with erectile function. Many individuals report persistent fatigue and a noticeable decrease in muscle mass.
Additional physical changes can involve reduced beard and body hair growth, and a decrease in endurance. Emotional and cognitive shifts may also occur, such as mood changes, irritability, and problems with concentration or memory. These symptoms are not exclusive to low testosterone and require thorough medical evaluation for accurate diagnosis.
Supporting Production Through Lifestyle
Lifestyle adjustments can support the body’s natural production of testosterone. Nutritional choices play a role, with healthy fats, protein, and zinc-rich foods being beneficial. Examples include lean meats, fish, eggs, oysters, spinach, and almonds. Foods containing vitamin D, such as fatty fish, also contribute to hormonal health.
Regular physical activity is another supportive measure. Resistance training, including weightlifting, squats, and deadlifts, has been shown to temporarily elevate testosterone levels. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can also contribute to this effect.
Adequate sleep, around 7 to 8 hours per night, is important for hormone balance. Managing stress is equally important, as chronic stress can lead to elevated cortisol levels, which may in turn lower testosterone. While these lifestyle changes are supportive, they may not be enough to address clinically low testosterone levels.
Prescription Testosterone Therapy
For individuals diagnosed with low testosterone, various forms of medically prescribed testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) are available. These treatments aim to restore testosterone levels and alleviate associated symptoms.
One common method involves testosterone injections, administered into a muscle, every one to two weeks. Some formulations offer longer-acting options, requiring administration less frequently. While effective, injections can result in fluctuations in hormone levels between doses.
Transdermal gels are applied daily to the skin, providing a steady release of the hormone. After application, the treated area should be covered to prevent accidental transfer to others. Testosterone patches are another transdermal option, applied daily to the skin.
Subcutaneous pellets, small implants placed under the skin, offer a consistent and long-term release of testosterone for several months. Other forms include buccal tablets, which adhere to the gums, and nasal gels.
Seeking Professional Medical Care
The appropriate pathway for obtaining testosterone therapy is through a medical professional. This process begins with a consultation with a primary care physician, who may then refer to a specialist such as an endocrinologist or urologist. These experts can evaluate symptoms and conduct necessary diagnostic tests.
Diagnosis involves a comprehensive medical evaluation and specific blood tests to measure total and free testosterone levels. These tests are performed in the morning, when testosterone levels are highest. A diagnosis of low testosterone, also known as hypogonadism, is indicated by levels below 300 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL).
Medical supervision is necessary throughout testosterone therapy due to potential side effects, including an increase in red blood cell count (polycythemia) and cardiovascular concerns. Regular monitoring through physical examinations and blood work is important to ensure the therapy is effective and to check for any adverse reactions. Obtaining testosterone from unregulated sources or engaging in self-medication carries risks, including incorrect dosing, unmonitored side effects, and legal ramifications. A prescription from a licensed medical doctor is the only safe and legal method for acquiring medical testosterone therapy.