Florida is home to its largest native land mammal, the Florida black bear. This subspecies of the American black bear is generally shy and reclusive, preferring to avoid human interaction. They are well-adapted to Florida’s varied environments, showcasing their resilience within the state’s unique habitats.
Florida Bear Territory
Florida black bears are not uniformly distributed across the state but are concentrated in distinct regions. The Ocala National Forest in central Florida holds the largest bear population, estimated at around 1,200 individuals, representing over a quarter of the state’s total. Other significant concentrations are found in the Apalachicola National Forest in the panhandle and the Big Cypress National Preserve in southwest Florida. These areas, along with the Osceola National Forest, are considered core habitats for the species.
Bears inhabit approximately 49% of their historic range in Florida, a recovery from significant declines in the mid-20th century. While they can be found almost anywhere in Florida, their presence is most consistent in areas with high densities of bear locations. There are an estimated 4,000 black bears living in about seven main population areas across Florida.
What Makes a Bear Habitat
Florida black bears rely on specific environmental characteristics to thrive, including ample food, water, shelter, and space. They prefer forested areas with dense undergrowth, such as pine flatwoods, scrub, hardwood hammocks, and forested wetlands. These varied habitats provide the dense cover necessary for resting, raising cubs, and avoiding detection.
Their diet is primarily plant-based, with about 80% consisting of vegetation, 15% from insects, and a small portion from animal matter. Seasonal availability dictates their food choices, which include acorns, saw palmetto berries, and other fruits and nuts. Insects such as termites, ants, wasps, and bees are also food sources. Access to water, often from swamps, streams, or rivers, further defines suitable bear habitat.
Sharing Space with Bears
As human populations expand into natural areas, interactions with Florida black bears have become more frequent. To minimize conflicts, secure potential food attractants around homes and properties. This includes storing garbage in sturdy, bear-resistant containers, feeding pets indoors, and cleaning outdoor grills after each use. Leaving pet food or birdseed outside can draw bears into residential areas, increasing the likelihood of encounters.
If a bear is sighted, give it space and never approach it. If an encounter occurs at close range, remaining calm, speaking in a firm voice, and backing away slowly are recommended. Avoiding direct eye contact is advised, as some animals may perceive it as aggressive. Running should be avoided, as bears can move quickly and may view running as an invitation to chase.