A stomach bug, or viral gastroenteritis, is a common illness affecting the stomach and intestines, characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Recovery involves a careful, gradual reintroduction of fluids and food to allow the digestive system to heal. This helps prevent further irritation and supports natural healing.
Starting with Hydration
The immediate priority when experiencing a stomach bug is to replenish lost fluids and electrolytes, as vomiting and diarrhea can rapidly lead to dehydration. Dehydration occurs when the body loses more water and essential minerals than it takes in, which can impair bodily functions. To combat this, begin with small, frequent sips of clear liquids.
Appropriate choices for rehydration include water, clear broths, and oral rehydration solutions (ORS), which contain a balanced mix of sugar and salts that aid fluid absorption. Diluted fruit juices, like apple juice, can also be, but avoid highly sugary drinks as they worsen diarrhea. Caffeinated beverages and alcohol are not recommended, as they contribute to dehydration and irritate the stomach lining. For infants, continue breast milk or formula, and give ORS as directed by a doctor.
Introducing Solid Foods
Once vomiting has subsided for several hours and appetite returns, the gradual reintroduction of solid foods can begin. This often occurs after about 24 hours of retaining fluids, though individual timelines vary. Starting with small portions of bland, easily digestible options helps the stomach adjust without overwhelming it.
The BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) is often recommended due to its gentle nature and ability to help solidify stools. Other suitable foods include plain crackers, boiled potatoes, and cooked cereals like oatmeal. Lean proteins, such as plain baked chicken breast or scrambled eggs, can also be introduced in small amounts once initial foods are tolerated. Increase the quantity and variety of foods slowly, returning to a normal diet over several days as symptoms improve.
Foods to Limit and Red Flags
During recovery, limit or avoid certain foods that can irritate the sensitive digestive system or worsen symptoms. These include greasy, fatty, and spicy foods, which are difficult to digest and can worsen nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. High-fiber foods, such as raw fruits and vegetables, and highly acidic items like citrus fruits, can also be problematic. Dairy products may be difficult to digest temporarily after a stomach bug, as the illness can affect lactose digestion.
While most stomach bugs resolve on their own, certain “red flag” symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. These include signs of severe dehydration, such as excessive thirst, dry mouth, reduced urination, dizziness, or lightheadedness. A high fever (above 104°F or 40°C), severe or worsening abdominal pain, and bloody or black, tarry stools are also serious indicators. Inability to keep any fluids down for an extended period (more than 24 hours for adults, or if symptoms worsen) signifies a need for professional medical evaluation.