A stomach virus, medically known as viral gastroenteritis, is an intestinal infection that causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It leads to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and sometimes a low-grade fever. It spreads through contact with infected individuals or by consuming contaminated food or water. While often called “stomach flu,” this illness is not caused by influenza viruses, which affect the respiratory system.
Recovery involves careful dietary choices to alleviate symptoms and support healing. The digestive system becomes sensitive, and introducing foods too quickly or choosing irritating options can worsen discomfort. Understanding what and when to eat aids in a smoother and faster recovery.
Prioritizing Hydration
Replacing lost fluids and electrolytes is an important step in recovering from a stomach virus, even before introducing solid foods. Vomiting and diarrhea can rapidly lead to dehydration, which can be dangerous for infants, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Consistent fluid intake is essential.
Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) are effective because they contain a balanced mix of water, sugar, and mineral salts that aid fluid absorption. Commercial ORS products like Pedialyte or Gastrolyte are readily available and formulated for optimal rehydration. If commercial solutions are unavailable, diluted clear broths, water, or even diluted fruit juices can help, though ORS are preferred for their electrolyte balance.
Sip small amounts of fluid frequently, rather than drinking large quantities at once, to prevent further nausea and vomiting. Signs of adequate hydration include regular urination and moist mucous membranes. Conversely, decreased urination, excessive thirst, dry mouth, dizziness, or lightheadedness indicate dehydration and signal a need for increased fluid intake.
Gentle Foods to Start With
Once fluids are tolerated and vomiting has subsided for several hours, gradually reintroduce bland, easily digestible foods. The “BRAT” diet (Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast) is a traditional recommendation. These foods are low in fiber, fat, and protein, making them gentle on an irritated digestive system. Bananas provide potassium, an electrolyte often lost during illness. Plain white rice and toast offer simple carbohydrates less likely to upset the stomach. Applesauce provides mild sweetness and pectin, which can help firm stools.
Other suitable options include plain crackers, boiled potatoes without added fats, and clear broths. These provide energy and nutrients without overtaxing the digestive tract. As recovery progresses, plain, well-cooked lean proteins such as boiled or steamed chicken or eggs can be slowly introduced. Start with small portions and gradually increase quantity and variety to allow the digestive system to readjust without causing a relapse of symptoms.
Foods to Avoid
During recovery from a stomach virus, avoid certain foods and beverages that can irritate the sensitive digestive system. Fatty or greasy foods, such as fried items, pizza, and fast food, are difficult to digest and can worsen nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Spicy foods can also irritate the stomach lining, exacerbating discomfort.
High-fiber foods, including whole grains and raw vegetables, can be challenging for a compromised digestive system to process, so limit these initially. Dairy products, especially milk and cheese, contain lactose, which some individuals may have difficulty digesting after gastroenteritis, leading to worsened symptoms. Caffeine and alcohol should also be avoided as they contribute to dehydration and further irritate the stomach. Sugary foods and drinks, including many fruit juices and sodas, can draw more water into the intestines, potentially worsening diarrhea.
When to Consult a Doctor
While most stomach viruses resolve on their own, certain symptoms warrant medical attention. Signs of severe dehydration include an inability to keep liquids down for 24 hours, decreased urination (or no wet diapers for several hours in infants), excessive thirst, dry mouth, sunken eyes, or severe weakness and dizziness.
Other warning signs include a high fever, especially above 104°F (40°C) in adults or any fever in infants. Persistent vomiting, diarrhea lasting more than two days in adults or one day in children, severe abdominal pain, or blood or pus in stools also indicate seeking medical advice. If symptoms worsen or do not improve after a few days, or if there is any change in mental state like irritability or lack of energy, consult a healthcare provider to rule out more serious complications.