LASIK, or Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis, is a surgical procedure designed to correct common vision problems like nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. Many individuals considering LASIK often wonder about the long-term effectiveness of the procedure and if its corrective benefits will diminish over time. This concern about LASIK “wearing off” is a common misconception.
Understanding LASIK’s Lasting Impact
LASIK permanently alters the shape of the cornea. During the procedure, a precise excimer laser removes amounts of corneal tissue to correct refractive errors, allowing light to focus properly on the retina. This permanent reshaping means the procedure itself does not “wear off” like a contact lens prescription, as the removed tissue does not grow back. Around 94% of patients achieve 20/20 vision or better three months after LASIK, maintaining stable vision for many years or even decades.
Factors Contributing to Vision Changes Over Time
Despite the permanent corneal reshaping, a person’s vision can still change after LASIK due to natural biological processes. The eyes undergo age-related changes and can be affected by various conditions.
Presbyopia
A common reason for vision changes is presbyopia, a natural aging process that typically begins around age 40. This condition occurs when the eye’s natural lens stiffens and loses flexibility, making it difficult to focus on close-up objects. Presbyopia affects most people, regardless of whether they have had LASIK, and often requires reading glasses or bifocals.
Regression
A slight return of the original refractive error, known as regression, can occur in a small percentage of cases. This happens when the cornea’s healing process causes a subtle shift back towards its pre-LASIK shape. The likelihood of regression may increase over time, especially for individuals with higher initial prescriptions.
Other Eye Conditions
Other eye conditions can also develop independently of LASIK and affect vision. Cataracts, for example, involve the natural lens becoming cloudy, usually with age, leading to blurred vision and glare. Conditions such as glaucoma, which affects the optic nerve, or diabetic retinopathy, a complication of diabetes, can also impact vision over time, and these are not prevented or caused by LASIK.
Managing Post-LASIK Vision Changes
If vision changes occur after LASIK, various options are available to manage them.
LASIK Enhancements
For significant regression, a LASIK enhancement might be an option. This involves re-lifting the original corneal flap and performing a minor laser adjustment to refine the vision. Eligibility for an enhancement depends on factors such as stable vision, sufficient corneal thickness, and overall eye health.
Glasses and Contact Lenses
For minor changes, particularly presbyopia, solutions like reading glasses, bifocal glasses, or contact lenses are effective. Many individuals find over-the-counter reading glasses sufficient for near tasks. Certain contact lenses can also be custom-fitted for eyes that have undergone LASIK to provide clear vision.
Regular Eye Exams
Regular comprehensive eye exams are important for monitoring eye health and detecting any changes in vision. These annual check-ups allow eye care professionals to identify age-related conditions like cataracts or glaucoma early, important for preserving vision. Discussing any visual changes with an eye care professional ensures appropriate guidance and management, protecting the long-term benefits of LASIK.