Sea turtles are a cherished part of Hawaii’s natural heritage and cultural identity, particularly the Green Sea Turtle, known locally as Honu. Observing these ancient mariners in their natural habitat, especially during their nesting cycle, provides insight into their life cycle and the efforts required to protect them.
Nesting Seasons of Hawaiian Sea Turtles
Green Sea Turtles (Honu) are the most frequent nesters across the Hawaiian archipelago. Their primary nesting season spans from late spring through summer, between May and September. Peak nesting activity is during June and July. During this period, mature female turtles emerge from the ocean to deposit their clutches of eggs.
Hawksbill Sea Turtles (Honu‘ea), a less common species in Hawaii, also nest within the islands. Their nesting season generally aligns with Green Sea Turtles, extending from late spring into early fall. Minor variations can occur based on environmental factors and individual turtle behavior.
The Egg-Laying Process
The egg-laying process for a female sea turtle is a precise and energy-intensive endeavor. After emerging from the ocean, under the cover of darkness, the female turtle selects a suitable nesting site above the high tide line. She first uses her front flippers to excavate a broad body pit, creating a depression where she can rest while digging the egg chamber.
Once the body pit is formed, the turtle meticulously uses her rear flippers to dig a deep, flask-shaped egg chamber. This chamber is about two feet deep, providing a secure place for her eggs. She then deposits a clutch of approximately 100 spherical, leathery-shelled eggs into this prepared chamber. After laying, the female covers the eggs with sand, packing it down with her flippers, and then camouflages the nest site by scattering sand over a wider area before returning to the ocean.
Key Nesting Locations in Hawaii
The vast majority of Green Sea Turtle nesting in Hawaii occurs in the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. French Frigate Shoals, a coral atoll within this chain, serves as the primary nesting ground for the entire Hawaiian Green Sea Turtle population. This isolated location provides ideal conditions with its undisturbed sandy beaches and minimal human presence.
While the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are the main reproductive hub, some nesting also takes place on the main Hawaiian Islands. These occurrences are less frequent and occur on secluded, less-disturbed sandy beaches. The presence of dark, quiet, and clean beaches is important for successful nesting, as artificial light and human activity can deter nesting females and disorient hatchlings. Protecting these coastlines supports localized nesting.
Supporting Turtle Conservation
All species of sea turtles in Hawaii are protected under both state and federal laws, reflecting their vulnerable status. Observing these animals requires adhering to strict guidelines to ensure their safety and continued survival. Maintaining a respectful distance, generally at least 10 feet, from nesting turtles or hatchlings is important to avoid disturbance.
Also, refrain from touching or feeding sea turtles, as this can alter their natural behavior and expose them to harm. Avoiding flash photography during nesting events helps prevent disorientation, and keeping beaches clean and dark, especially during nesting season, supports a healthy environment for these creatures. Reporting any injured, stranded, or distressed turtles to local authorities or wildlife agencies contributes directly to their conservation.