Hummingbirds, with their iridescent plumage and rapid wingbeats, undertake impressive annual migrations. Their return each spring is a welcome sign of warmer days ahead for many in Wisconsin.
When Hummingbirds Arrive in Wisconsin
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the most commonly observed species in Wisconsin and the only one known to nest in the state. These birds begin to appear in Wisconsin in early May. However, some early arrivals, primarily males, can be spotted as early as late April. Males precede females by about a week, establishing territories before the females arrive to breed.
The precise timing varies slightly across the state. Southern Wisconsin might see the first hummingbirds a few days earlier than central or northern regions, as migration progresses northward. Prepare for their return around April 25th to ensure resources are available for early migrants. These birds migrate from their wintering grounds in tropical Central America or southern Mexico.
Factors Affecting Return Dates
Hummingbird return timing is influenced by environmental and biological factors. Weather patterns play a significant role; sustained warm temperatures along their migratory route and in Wisconsin encourage their northward journey. Food source availability, like early blooming native flowers and emerging insects, also guides their arrival. They rely on these resources to refuel after migration.
Internal biological clocks and fat reserves also dictate migratory timing. Hummingbirds consume large amounts of nectar and insects to build fat reserves for long flights, including non-stop journeys over the Gulf of Mexico. Larger climate trends can shift these patterns, causing slight variations in arrival dates year to year. Adequate food upon arrival is important for their survival and successful breeding.
Welcoming Returning Hummingbirds
Prepare for the return of hummingbirds by creating a resource-rich environment in your yard. Setting up hummingbird feeders offers a quick energy source, especially in early spring when natural nectar sources are scarce. A solution of one part refined white sugar to four parts water mimics natural nectar and provides energy. Avoid adding red dyes to the sugar-water solution, as these can be harmful to the birds.
Clean feeders regularly, ideally once a week in cooler weather and more frequently as temperatures rise, to prevent mold and bacteria. Position feeders in visible, sheltered locations to attract these birds. Complementing feeders with native nectar-rich flowers enhances your yard’s appeal, with plants like columbine, wild bergamot, cardinal flower, and bleeding heart providing natural food sources. Provide perching spots, such as thin branches or wires, for birds to rest and survey their surroundings.