Hummingbirds, with their iridescent plumage and rapid wingbeats, are captivating birds known for their seasonal journeys. They signal changing seasons as they return to breeding grounds or pass through during migration. For San Antonio residents, observing these tiny birds is a cherished annual event, marking a vibrant period in the local ecosystem.
The Annual Return to San Antonio
Hummingbirds begin their spring migration through San Antonio from early March to late May, with peak sightings during this period. First arrivals in San Antonio are around March 7th, with a surge in numbers by March 25th. Fall migration occurs from August to October, with Ruby-throated Hummingbirds most common in September.
The primary species observed in San Antonio include the Black-chinned Hummingbird, which is a common breeding species in the area. Ruby-throated Hummingbirds are also frequently seen during both spring and fall migration periods. Additionally, Rufous Hummingbirds are present in lower numbers from August through March, often wintering in the region.
These birds undertake extensive migrations driven by the availability of food and suitable breeding grounds. They accumulate significant energy reserves, often gaining 25-40% of their body weight, before embarking on their long journeys. Hummingbirds fly alone, utilizing tailwinds to conserve energy. Their return to San Antonio is a response to the increasing warmth and the blooming of nectar-rich flowers that provide essential sustenance.
Welcoming Hummingbirds to Your Yard
To attract hummingbirds to your San Antonio yard, set up feeders. Place feeders in shaded areas to prevent the sugar solution from spoiling quickly. If possible, hang several feeders spaced far enough apart to discourage a single bird from dominating them all. This allows more hummingbirds to access the nectar without constant competition.
A nectar solution can be prepared by mixing one part refined white granulated sugar with four parts water. It is important to avoid using red dyes, honey, corn syrup, or artificial sweeteners, as these can be harmful to the birds. While boiling the water is not strictly necessary for small batches, it can help dissolve the sugar thoroughly.
Maintain feeder hygiene for the health of visiting hummingbirds. Feeders should be cleaned every two to three days in hot weather, or even daily if conditions are particularly warm. In cooler temperatures, cleaning twice a week may suffice. Always clean the feeder immediately if the nectar appears cloudy, shows signs of mold, or contains dead insects. A solution of one part white vinegar to four parts water works well for cleaning, followed by a thorough rinse with warm water; avoid using soaps or detergents.
Complementing feeders with hummingbird-friendly plants creates a natural habitat. Plant native, tubular-shaped flowers, especially red or orange ones. Good choices for San Antonio include Salvia species, Firebush, Red Yucca, Turk’s Cap, and Trumpet Vine. Selecting plants with staggered blooming periods ensures a continuous supply of nectar throughout the season. Minimizing the use of pesticides in your garden also helps protect these sensitive birds and their insect food sources.
Providing water sources also benefits hummingbirds for bathing and preening. They generally prefer shallow, moving water sources such as misters, drippers, or weeping fountains, rather than deep birdbaths. Hummingbirds often bathe by flying through fine mist or rubbing against leaves with collected water droplets. Placing these water features near protective foliage offers a safe space for them to clean their feathers.