Hummingbirds, with their iridescent plumage and remarkable aerial agility, are tiny birds, often weighing less than a penny. Their rapid wing beats create a distinct humming sound. These migratory birds journey thousands of miles annually, connecting their wintering grounds in warmer climates to breeding territories in places like Northern Illinois.
Typical Arrival Times
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds, the most common species observed in Illinois, typically begin their return to Northern Illinois in late April. While individual sightings can occur earlier, a more widespread presence is usually noted as May approaches. This timing aligns with the emergence of early spring flowers, providing nectar sources required after their long migration.
Hummingbirds arrive in full force by early May, making it a good practice to have feeders ready by mid-April to welcome any early arrivals. Males generally precede females by about a week or two, establishing territories before the females arrive for nesting. The consistent blooming of native spring flowers, such as columbine, signals a reliable food supply for these returning migrants.
Factors Affecting Their Return
Timing of hummingbird return is influenced by environmental and biological factors. Weather patterns, including temperature fluctuations, strong winds, and late frosts, play a role. Sustained warmer temperatures encourage their northward journey, while unseasonably cold spells can delay arrivals or even cause temporary retreats.
Food availability along their migratory route and in their destination breeding grounds also impacts their schedule. Hummingbirds rely heavily on nectar-producing plants and small insects, so the synchronized blooming of flowers is important for survival. Their internal biological clocks, primarily cued by changes in daylight length, serve as the main trigger for migration, compelling them to move regardless of local food abundance.
Welcoming Arriving Hummingbirds
Preparing for the return of hummingbirds involves setting up feeders and cultivating plants. A simple nectar solution can be made by mixing one part white granulated sugar with four parts water, boiled and cooled to dissolve the sugar. It is important to avoid red dyes, as these are unnecessary and potentially harmful to the birds. Feeders should be cleaned every two to three days, or more frequently in warmer weather, using hot water to prevent mold growth.
Planting native flowers provides natural food sources and enhances your yard’s appeal to hummingbirds. Excellent choices for Northern Illinois include species that offer the tubular flower shapes hummingbirds prefer, such as:
Red columbine
Bee balm
Cardinal flower
Trumpet honeysuckle
Establishing these plants ensures a continuous supply of nectar throughout their stay. Providing a shallow water source and avoiding pesticides further supports these returning birds.