Hummingbirds are a welcome sign of spring for many. These migratory birds journey thousands of miles to reach their breeding grounds. The anticipation of their arrival is strong for those in Iowa, who eagerly await their return each year.
Expected Arrival in Iowa
The primary hummingbird species in Iowa is the Ruby-throated Hummingbird, known for the iridescent red throat patch on males. These birds typically begin to arrive in Iowa starting in mid- to late April. Early scouts, often males, lead the migration, arriving approximately two weeks before the females to establish breeding territories.
Sightings become more common throughout April and into early May. They journey from their wintering grounds in Central America and southern Mexico. Upon arrival, they are often hungry and in need of energy. Their presence continues throughout the summer, with most remaining in Iowa until August or September before beginning their southward migration.
Factors Influencing Their Journey
Several factors influence the timing of hummingbird migration to Iowa. Weather patterns, including temperature and wind, significantly influence their journey. Favorable warm fronts provide tailwinds, conserving energy during their flight. Conversely, cold fronts or adverse weather can delay their arrival.
The availability of nectar sources, such as early blooming flowers, also impacts their migration pace. Hummingbirds rely on nectar for energy, consuming up to half their body weight in sugar daily, especially during migration. Their internal biological clocks guide their migratory instincts, prompting them to begin their journey as daylight hours change and the breeding season approaches. These combined biological and environmental cues lead to variations in arrival dates from one year to the next.
Welcoming Hummingbirds Back
Preparing for the return of hummingbirds can help attract them to a backyard. Setting up hummingbird feeders is an effective way to provide a readily available food source. The nectar solution for feeders should be a simple mixture of one part granulated sugar to four parts water, boiled and then cooled, avoiding red dyes which can be harmful. Regular cleaning of feeders every few days, especially in warmer weather, is important to prevent mold and bacteria buildup.
Strategic placement of feeders near blooming plants or in shaded areas can make them more appealing. Planting native flowers rich in nectar and with a tubular shape, such as bee balm, cardinal flower, or columbine, provides natural food sources that hummingbirds find attractive. Maintaining a diverse garden with continuous blooms throughout spring and summer ensures a consistent food supply for these energetic birds.