Hummingbirds, with their iridescent feathers and rapid wingbeats, are a source of fascination. Their arrival each spring is eagerly anticipated across Georgia, marking a welcome sign of the changing seasons.
Key Return Dates for Georgia
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds, the most common species found in Georgia, typically begin their northward migration in late February to early March. By mid to late March, these birds start reaching the southern parts of Gulf Coast states. For Georgia, the earliest arrivals can be seen in the southern regions of the state around early to mid-March. The main wave of hummingbirds generally reaches central Georgia by late March and early April. Northern Georgia usually sees their return in mid to late April. While these timeframes offer a general guideline, the exact arrival dates can fluctuate slightly based on prevailing weather patterns and the availability of early blooming flowers.
Preparing for Their Arrival
To welcome hummingbirds back to your yard, you can prepare by setting up feeders and planting specific flowers. A suitable nectar solution consists of one part refined white sugar dissolved in four parts water. It is important not to use honey, artificial sweeteners, or red dyes, as these can be harmful to the birds. Once prepared, the solution can be stored in the refrigerator for up to one week.
Feeders require regular cleaning, ideally every other day, to prevent mold and bacterial growth, especially in warmer weather. This involves discarding old nectar, disassembling the feeder, and scrubbing all parts with hot water and dish soap, or a solution of one part bleach to nine parts water, followed by thorough rinsing. Placing feeders near bushes or shrubs provides resting spots for the birds. Complementing feeders with native plants that offer natural nectar sources is also beneficial. Good choices for Georgia include Trumpet Creeper, Bee Balm, Scarlet Sage, and Cardinal Flower, all known for their tubular, nectar-rich blooms.
The Migration Phenomenon
Hummingbirds undertake migratory journeys, driven by the seasonal availability of food and suitable climates. Most North American hummingbirds, including the Ruby-throated species, spend their winters in warmer regions such as Central America and southern Mexico. As days grow shorter in the fall, a change in daylight triggers an internal cue for hummingbirds to begin their southward journey. They prepare by increasing their food intake to build fat reserves, which fuel their flights.
During spring migration, Ruby-throated Hummingbirds often make a non-stop flight across the Gulf of Mexico, a journey that can take 18 to 22 hours. Each bird typically travels alone, relying on an innate sense of direction. This feat allows them to reach northern breeding grounds where competition for resources is less intense than in their tropical wintering habitats.