Hummingbirds, with their shimmering feathers and fast wingbeats, fascinate many. These tiny aerial acrobats bring vibrant energy to gardens as they zip from flower to flower. In Arkansas, these captivating birds make a seasonal appearance, marking the changing seasons with their arrival and departure.
Spring Arrival in Arkansas
Hummingbirds arrive in Arkansas, signaling spring, beginning mid-March. The Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris), the most commonly observed species, starts its northward journey from wintering grounds in Mexico and Central America. Early arrivals, often males, are seen first, establishing breeding territories. Numbers steadily increase through late March and April, with the main migratory wave pushing through Arkansas into May.
Rising temperatures, increasing daylight, and emerging nectar sources cue their migration. Arkansas acts as a significant stopover and breeding ground, providing refueling opportunities and nesting sites after long flights. Some Ruby-throated hummingbirds remain in Arkansas to breed and raise young throughout the summer. Females construct nests, often camouflaged with lichen and spider silk, high in trees.
Fall Departure from Arkansas
As summer transitions into fall, hummingbirds in Arkansas begin southward migration to warmer climates, starting late July. The peak departure occurs in September, with most Ruby-throated hummingbirds leaving the state by mid-October. Shortening daylight and decreased natural food supplies, like blooming flowers and insects, prompt their journey back to wintering grounds.
While most depart by mid-October, some stragglers might linger into November, depending on weather and food availability. These late migrants depend on available nectar sources to fuel their demanding journey. Keep feeders active until at least two weeks after the last hummingbird sighting in your area.
Welcoming Hummingbirds to Your Space
Attracting hummingbirds to your yard involves creating an inviting habitat. Setting up feeders with a simple sugar-water solution is effective. The recommended mixture is one part white sugar dissolved in four parts water; red dye is not necessary and can be harmful. Boiling the water is not required, but it helps the sugar dissolve.
Feeder cleanliness is important to prevent mold and bacteria growth. In hot weather, clean feeders daily; in temperate conditions, every two to three days is sufficient. Planting native flowers provides natural nectar sources and attracts insects, which are also part of a hummingbird’s diet. Examples of hummingbird-attracting plants for Arkansas include:
Trumpet vine
Bee balm
Cardinal flower
Coral honeysuckle
Salvia