Hummingbirds are captivating creatures, known for their iridescent plumage and rapid wingbeats, making them a welcome sight in any garden. Many people in Minnesota eagerly await their annual return, a clear sign that spring has fully arrived. These tiny birds undertake an impressive migratory journey each year, traveling thousands of miles to reach their summer breeding grounds.
Anticipating Their Arrival
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the primary species observed in Minnesota, arriving each spring from their wintering grounds in Central America and Mexico. These birds begin to appear in Minnesota in late April or early May. Males usually arrive about a week or two before the females, establishing their territories.
The precise timing of their return can vary slightly across the state. In southern Minnesota, sightings often occur during the last week of April, while those in northern regions might see them closer to early May.
Factors Influencing Their Return
Hummingbird migration timing is influenced by several environmental factors. The amount of daylight and the angle of the sun play a significant role in triggering their migratory instincts. Weather conditions along their migration route, including temperature and wind direction, also affect their journey. Strong tailwinds can help them travel faster, while adverse weather can delay their progress.
The availability of early food sources is another important factor. Hummingbirds rely on nectar-producing plants and insects for sustenance during their long travels. Unseasonably warm weather can lead to earlier arrivals, but if flowers have not yet bloomed or insect activity is low due to a sudden cold snap, it can pose challenges for early migrants. Climate change is also influencing migration patterns, with some data suggesting earlier departures from wintering grounds and potential mismatches with blooming times of their food sources.
Welcoming Returning Hummingbirds
Preparing for the hummingbirds’ return involves setting up feeders and planting appropriate flowers. Place feeders out by late April or early May to ensure they are available for the first arrivals. A simple nectar solution can be made by mixing one part pure white granulated table sugar with four parts water. It is important not to use red dye, honey, or artificial sweeteners, as these can be harmful to the birds.
Feeder hygiene prevents mold and bacteria growth, which can sicken hummingbirds. Feeders should be cleaned regularly, every few days in warm weather or at least once a week in cooler conditions. Discard any old nectar before refilling and thoroughly scrub the feeder with hot water and a brush. A solution of white vinegar and water or a mild soap can be used for cleaning, followed by a thorough rinse.
Planting native flowers with tubular shapes and vibrant colors, especially red and orange, can also attract hummingbirds. Examples suitable for Minnesota include Eastern Columbine, Bee Balm, Cardinal Flower, and Coral Honeysuckle. Providing perching spots allows these tiny birds to rest and survey their surroundings. These can be natural branches or commercially available options, placed near feeders or flowering plants.