Hummingbirds, with their shimmering plumage and aerial agility, captivate observers. These tiny creatures are renowned for their rapid wingbeats, producing a distinct humming sound, and their ability to hover and dart with precision. Their presence is seasonal, gracing landscapes for several months before extensive migrations. For Missouri residents, understanding their arrival and how to welcome them is a common interest. This guide details when hummingbirds arrive in Missouri and how to prepare for their season.
Understanding Hummingbird Migration to Missouri
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the most commonly observed species migrating to Missouri from wintering grounds in Mexico and Central or South America. These birds usually appear in Missouri from early to mid-April, though earliest arrivals may be noted in mid-to-late March. Male hummingbirds often precede females by seven to ten days, likely to establish and defend breeding territories before the females arrive.
Their arrival timing fluctuates annually, influenced by regional weather patterns and early blooming flowers. Hormonal changes triggered by shifts in day length prompt their northward journey. Many Ruby-throated Hummingbirds undertake a demanding, non-stop flight across the Gulf of Mexico, so favorable weather conditions along their migratory route influence their arrival. Upon arrival, if natural nectar sources are scarce, they may initially feed on tree sap from sapsucker-drilled holes or consume small insects.
Preparing for Hummingbird Season in Missouri
To welcome hummingbirds to your property in Missouri, prepare before their typical arrival dates. Setting up hummingbird feeders provides supplemental food. Feeders can be placed as early as mid-to-late March, or around April 25th, with southern Missouri potentially seeing earlier activity than central or northern regions.
For the nectar solution, a simple and safe recipe is one part granulated white sugar dissolved in four parts water. Avoid adding red dye to the nectar, as it is unnecessary and potentially harmful to the birds. Never use honey, artificial sweeteners, brown sugar, or organic sugar; these can promote dangerous fungal growth or be harmful to hummingbirds.
Feeders require frequent cleaning, ideally every two to three days, or even daily in warmer weather, to prevent mold and bacterial growth. Clean feeders thoroughly with hot water, and occasionally use a weak vinegar solution or diluted bleach, followed by a complete rinse. Position feeders in partial shade, about four to six feet above the ground, and near trees or shrubs for protection and easy access. Placing multiple feeders ten to fifteen feet apart can also help reduce territorial disputes among the birds.
Planting native flowers creates an inviting habitat, providing essential nectar and insects for protein. Hummingbirds are particularly drawn to red, orange, and pink tubular flowers. A diverse selection of plants with overlapping bloom times ensures a continuous food supply throughout the season. Recommended Missouri native plants include:
- Trumpet Creeper (Trumpet Vine)
- Native Honeysuckles
- Red Buckeye
- Cardinal Flower
- Jewelweed (Touch-me-not)
- Royal Catchfly
- Fire Pink
- Wild Bergamot (Bee Balm)
- Columbine
- Various types of Phlox