Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common, highly contagious respiratory virus that infects the nose, throat, and lungs, particularly prevalent among young children. Most children are infected with RSV by age two. While often causing mild, cold-like symptoms, RSV can lead to more serious conditions.
Recognizing RSV Symptoms
RSV symptoms often appear within four to six days after exposure. Initial signs in many children resemble a common cold, including a runny nose, sneezing, cough, and low-grade fever. Children may also experience decreased appetite.
More concerning RSV indicators include wheezing, rapid or difficult breathing, suggesting the infection has moved into the lungs. Parents might notice chest wall retractions (chest muscles pulling inward with each breath) or flaring nostrils. In severe instances, a bluish color around the lips or mouth due to lack of oxygen signals a need for immediate medical attention. Very young infants might exhibit irritability, decreased activity, or brief pauses in breathing.
Official Guidelines for Return to School
A child can typically return to school or daycare after an RSV infection once fever-free for at least 24 hours without fever-reducing medications. Other symptoms, such as significant coughing or congestion, should have noticeably improved. The child should feel well enough to participate in normal daily activities. A lingering cough may persist, but is generally acceptable if other criteria are met.
Most children with RSV are contagious for approximately three to eight days, though some infants, especially those with weakened immune systems, can spread the virus for up to four weeks. No negative RSV test is required for return to childcare. Parents should consult their child’s healthcare provider and understand their specific school or daycare’s policies. Adhering to these guidelines helps reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to other children and staff.
Preventing Further Spread
Practicing good hygiene prevents the spread of RSV and other respiratory illnesses once a child returns to school. Frequent handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is recommended, particularly after coughing, sneezing, or using the restroom. If unavailable, an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol can be used.
Encouraging children to cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue or into their elbow, not their hands, helps contain respiratory droplets. Dispose of used tissues immediately. Regularly cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces like doorknobs, desks, and toys reduces virus transmission, as RSV can survive on hard surfaces for hours. Avoiding close contact with sick individuals and keeping a child home if new symptoms develop further protects the school community.